Many of the challenges facing modern society require not only new technological solutions, but also efficient, effective, and equitable implementations of these technologies to ensure the betterment of society. Venturing beyond the confines of traditional engineering coursework, the Bachelor of Science degree in Systems Engineering is trans-disciplinary and collaborative, connecting mathematics, engineering, social and physical sciences, and medicine.
The program provides students with knowledge of theory, computational methods, and research in the fundamental frameworks of optimization, network theory, data analysis, and uncertainty quantification, providing the tools required to envision solutions to big-picture problems in a range of applications. Examples include monitoring and modeling the COVID-19 outbreak, optimizing hospital resource allocation, optimizing equitable access to food, and designing infrastructure, energy systems, and smart cities that are interconnected, resilient to hazards, and equitable.
Students will gain significant experience in collaborative problem solving that will serve them well in a broad range of careers, including those related to future energy infrastructure, smart cities, decision-making in healthcare, and data mining and decision making.
Combined Bachelor’s/Master’s Programs
The Department of Civil and Systems Engineering offers two options for earning a combined bachelor’s/master’s degree.
One option combines a B.S. in Systems Engineering with a Master of Science in Engineering (M.S.E.) in Civil or Systems Engineering. For students who are admitted to this program, the two degrees typically require five years total to complete. Students who enroll in the combined Bachelor’s/Master’s program or pursue a master’s degree after having earned a the B.S. in Civil or Systems Engineering at Hopkins may double-count one advanced course (400-level or higher) towards both the bachelor’s and master’s degrees with the permission of the master’s faculty advisor. More detail on double-counting courses can be found here.
The other option combines a B.S. in Systems Engineering with a Master of Science in Engineering Management (M.S.E.M.). Students are required to submit a formal application through the M.S.E.M. Program.
Students enrolled in either the B.S./M.S.E. or B.S./M.S.E.M program are awarded a Dean's Master's Fellowship, covering half their tuition, after they have completed eight semesters of undergraduate study. More information about these programs can be found here.
The information below describes the academic requirements for students entering JHU as degree-seeking students in Fall 2025. Students who entered JHU as degree-seeking students prior to Fall 2025 should view the appropriate archived catalogue.
Students must meet the University requirements and the Whiting School of Engineering requirements (see Requirements for a Bachelor's Degree in this catalogue), as well as the departmental major requirements, to complete a bachelor’s degree.
- The Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering requires 125 credits.
- The CaSE department recognizes students with exemplary academic records by awarding Departmental Honors to students with a Grade Point Average of 3.75 GPA or higher in Core Requirements. Students with either a primary major or an additional major in systems engineering are evaluated for departmental honors.
UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS
These requirements are described in this section of the catalogue.
WSE SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS
FIRST-YEAR SEMINAR OR DESIGN CORNERSTONE REQUIREMENT
All WSE primary majors are required to complete a First-Year Seminar (FYS) or a Design Cornerstone class with a grade of Satisfactory (S).
The first-year seminar requirement is waived for students who transfer into the university after the first year. These students must still complete the minimum number of required credits to graduate.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| One FYS or Design Cornerstone course. | 2-3 | |
| Total Credits | 2-3 | |
FOUNDATIONAL ABILITIES REQUIREMENTS
All students with a primary major within the Whiting School of Engineering must complete the Foundational Abilities (FA) in six designated areas. Grades of C- or higher are required. No Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grades will be accepted, except in cases where a course is offered on an S/U basis only, such as the Bootcamp Computing courses. For Foundational Abilities that require the submission of ePortfolio assignments in an engineering discipline, students must achieve a minimum assessment of "Proficient".
FA1 WRITING AND COMMUNICATION
This Foundational Abilities requirement has four parts:
1. Foundational Course in Writing: All WSE students are required to successfully complete one foundational course in writing. Courses that will satisfy the writing course requirement are listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Choose one from the following: | ||
| AS.004.101 | Reintroduction to Writing | 3 |
| EN.661.110 | Professional Writing and Ethics | 3 |
2. Writing ePortfolio Assignment: All WSE students must be assessed as at least proficient in one or more writing ePortfolio assignments. Courses that include at least one assignment eligible for the writing ePortfolio assignment requirement can be identified in SIS by searching for the specific tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability tag FA1.1eP | ||
3. Foundational Course in Oral Communication: All WSE students are required to successfully complete one foundational course in oral communication. The course that will satisfy the oral communication course requirement is listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.661.250 | Oral Presentations | 3 |
4. Oral Communication ePortfolio Assignment: All WSE students must be assessed as at least proficient in one or more oral communication ePortfolio assignments. Courses that include at least one assignment applicable to the oral communication ePorfolio assignment requirement can be identified in SIS by searching for the specific tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability fag FA1.2eP | ||
FA2 SCIENTIFIC AND QUANTITATIVE REASONING
This Foundational Abilities requirement has five parts. The CaSE department has specified the courses below that will satisfy the requirements.
1. Calculus I: Calculus I applies to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering Mathematics requirement.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| AS.110.108 | Calculus I (Physical Sciences & Engineering) | 4 |
2. Calculus II: Calculus II applies to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering Mathematics requirement.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| AS.110.109 | Calculus II (For Physical Sciences and Engineering) | 4 |
3. Probability and Statistics: The Probability and Statistics course applies to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering Core requirement.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.560.240 | Uncertainty, Reliability and Decision-making | 3 |
4. Computing and Data Science: The computing course applies to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering computing requirement.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Choose one from the following: | ||
| EN.500.113 & EN.500.132 | Gateway Computing: Python and Bootcamp: Java | 4 |
| EN.500.112 & EN.500.133 | Gateway Computing: JAVA and Bootcamp: Python | 4 |
5. Natural Science and Laboratory: One natural science lecture and its associated laboratory will apply to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering Basic Sciences requirement. Additional natural science lectures and labs are required for the major; see the Major Requirements section for details.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Choose one from the following: | ||
| AS.030.101 & AS.030.105 | Introductory Chemistry I and Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I | 4 |
| AS.171.101 & AS.173.111 | General Physics: Physical Science Major I and General Physics Laboratory I | 5 |
| AS.171.107 & AS.173.111 | General Physics for Physical Sciences Majors (AL) and General Physics Laboratory I | 5 |
FA3 CREATIVE EXPRESSION
A minimum of 12 credits of coursework in creative expression (FA3) and engagement with society (FA4) is required. At least three of these credits must be earned through a course tagged FA3. Courses with the FA3 tag can be identified in SIS by searching the tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 | 3 | |
In addition to the required FA3 and FA4 courses, students must complete six additional credits from any combination of FA3 or FA4 courses, for a total of 12 credits in FA3 and FA4.
FA4 ENGAGEMENT WITH SOCIETY
A minimum of 12 credits of coursework in creative expression (FA3) and engagement with society (FA4) is required. At least three of these credits must be earned through a course tagged FA4. Courses with the FA4 tag can be identified in SIS by searching for the specific tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability tag FA4 | 3 | |
In addition to the required FA3 and FA4 courses, students must complete six additional credits from any combination of FA3 or FA4 courses, for a total of 12 credits in FA3 and FA4.
FA5 ETHICAL REFLECTION
This Foundational Abilities requirement has two parts. The CaSE department has specified the courses below that will satisfy the requirements.
1. Foundational Course in Ethical Reflection: All WSE students are required to successfully complete one foundational course in ethical reflection. The CaSE department has specified the courses below that will satisfy the FA5 Foundational Course in Ethical Reflection requirement and the Core requirement.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.660.463 | Engineering Management & Leadership | 3 |
2. Ethical Reflection ePortfolio Assignment: All WSE students must be assessed as at least proficient in one or more ethical reflection ePortfolio assignments. Courses that include at least one assignment eligible for the conceiving of and realizing projects ePortfolio assignment requirement can be identified in SIS by searching for the specific tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability FA5eP | ||
FA6 CONCEIVING OF AND REALIZING PROJECTS
All WSE students must be assessed as at least proficient in two or more conceiving of and realizing projects ePortfolio assignments. Courses that include at least one assignment eligible for the conceiving of and realizing projects ePortfolio assignment requirement can be identified in SIS by searching for the specific tag listed below:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN Foundational Ability FA6eP | ||
MAJOR REQUIREMENTS
MATHEMATICS
A total of 16 credits in mathematics is required. If a student receives a waiver for Calculus I and/or II or transfers in courses with fewer credits than the corresponding JHU course credits, they must make up the difference by completing additional mathematics coursework.
Grades of C- or higher are required for courses fulfilling FA2 requirements; otherwise, grades of D or higher are required. No Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grades will be accepted.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| AS.110.108 | Calculus I (Physical Sciences & Engineering) (FA2 Requirement) | 4 |
| AS.110.109 | Calculus II (For Physical Sciences and Engineering) (FA2 Requirement) | 4 |
| AS.110.202 | Calculus III | 4 |
| or AS.110.211 | Honors Multivariable Calculus | |
| EN.553.291 | Linear Algebra and Differential Equations 1 | 4-8 |
| or AS.110.201 & AS.110.302 | Linear Algebra and Differential Equations and Applications | |
| or AS.110.212 & AS.110.302 | Honors Linear Algebra and Differential Equations and Applications | |
| or EN.553.295 & AS.110.302 | Linear Algebra for Data Science and Differential Equations and Applications | |
| Total Credits | 16-20 | |
- 1
Students may fulfil the requirement by taking either a combined course or two separate courses in Linear Algebra and Differential Equations.
BASIC SCIENCES
A total of 13 credits in basic science courses is required. One natural science lecture and its associated laboratory will apply to both the FA2 requirement and the Systems Engineering Basic Sciences requirement. Students who receive exam credit for Physics I are waived from the corresponding lab courses, but will not receive credit for the lab. This reduces the total basic science credit requirement by 1 credit. To fulfill the 13-credit requirement, students MUST still take either AS.173.111 General Physics Laboratory I or another 1-credit laboratory course designated as Natural Science (N).
Grades of C- or higher are required for courses fulfilling FA2 requirements; otherwise, grades of D or higher are required. No Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grades will be accepted.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| AS.030.101 | Introductory Chemistry I | 3 |
| AS.030.105 | Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I | 1 |
| AS.171.101 | General Physics: Physical Science Major I | 4 |
| or AS.171.107 | General Physics for Physical Sciences Majors (AL) | |
| AS.173.111 | General Physics Laboratory I | 1 |
| EN.560.312 | Electromagnetism & Sensors Lab | 1 |
| Basic Science Elective. Recommended courses: 1 | 3 | |
| General Physics: Physical Science Major II | ||
| Energy Resources in the Modern World | ||
| Total Credits | 13 | |
- 1
Students may take the recommended course or with permission from the Director of Undergraduate Studies, another course with the Natural Science (N) area designation.
COMPUTING REQUIREMENT
A grade of C- or higher in the Gateway Computing course and a grade of S in the Bootcamp course are required to apply toward the FA2 requirement and to the computing requirement in the major.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Choose one of the following: | ||
| EN.500.113 & EN.500.132 | Gateway Computing: Python and Bootcamp: Java | 4 |
| EN.500.112 & EN.500.133 | Gateway Computing: JAVA and Bootcamp: Python | 4 |
| Total Credits | 4 | |
CORE REQUIREMENTS
Grades of C- or higher are required. Excluding courses that fulfill the FA course requirements, a maximum of two D grades may be applied toward the Core Requirements, which include CaSE Fundamentals, Systems Engineering Fundamentals, Systems Engineering Electives, CaSE Professional Practice, and CaSE Technical Electives. No Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grades will be accepted.
CaSE FUNDAMENTALS
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.560.100 | Civilization Engineered: Structures and Systems | 3 |
| EN.560.101 | Civilization Engineered: Data-driven Solutions for Communities (FA1.2eP) | 3 |
| EN.560.192 | CaSE Cornerstone Design Project (FA6eP - Project 1) | 1 |
| EN.560.201 | Statics & Mechanics of Materials | 3 |
| EN.560.211 | Statics and Mechanics of Materials Laboratory | 1 |
| EN.560.240 | Uncertainty, Reliability and Decision-making | 3 |
| EN.560.250 | Intro to Mathematical Decision Making | 3 |
| EN.560.355 | Dynamical Systems | 3 |
| EN.560.458 | Natural Disaster Risk Modeling | 3 |
| Total Credits | 23 | |
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.500.215 | Principles of Data Science | 3 |
| EN.560.315 | Data Science for Systems Engineers | 3 |
| EN.560.342 | (Smart Cities) | 3 |
| EN.560.350 | (Optimization for Systems Engineers ) 1 | 3 |
| Total Credits | 12 | |
- 1
EN.560.450 Operations Research is an acceptable replacement for this course.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ELECTIVES
Complete three systems engineering elective courses selected from the Data Analytics Electives and the Optimization & Modeling Electives. Approved courses are listed in the two drop-down menus below.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Data Analytics or Optimization & Modeling Elective 1 (e.g. Energy Systems) | 3 | |
| Data Analytics or Optimization & Modeling Elective 2 (e.g. Systems Dynamics) | 3 | |
| Data Analytics or Optimization & Modeling Elective 3 (e.g. Intro to Network Modeling) | 3 | |
| Total Credits | 9 | |
Data & Analytics Electives
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.553.413 | Applied Statistics & Data Analysis I | 4 |
| EN.553.414 | Applied Statistics and Data Analysis II | 3 |
| EN.553.432 | Bayesian Statistics | 3 |
| EN.553.436 | Introduction to Data Science | 4 |
| EN.553.439 | Time Series Analysis | 3 |
| EN.560.450 | Operations Research | 3 |
| EN.560.457 | System Dynamics | 3 |
| EN.560.459 | Production Systems Analysis | 3 |
| EN.601.226 | Data Structures | 4 |
| EN.601.433 | Intro Algorithms | 3 |
| EN.601.475 | Machine Learning | 3 |
| EN.601.477 | Causal Inference | 3 |
| EN.601.482 | Machine Learning: Deep Learning | 4 |
| EN.601.484 | Explainable AI Design & Human-AI Interaction | 3 |
| EN.601.486 | Machine Learning: Artificial Intelligence System Design & Development | 3 |
Optimization & Modeling Electives
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.553.171 | Discrete Mathematics | 4 |
| EN.553.361 | Introduction to Optimization I | 4 |
| EN.553.362 | Introduction to Optimization II | 4 |
| EN.553.385 | Introduction to Computational Mathematics | 4 |
| EN.553.391 | 4 | |
| EN.553.453 | Mathematical Game Theory | 4 |
| EN.553.463 | Network Models in Operations Research | 4 |
| EN.553.465 | 4 | |
| EN.553.471 | Combinatorial Analysis | 4 |
| EN.560.449 | Energy Systems | 3 |
| EN.560.450 | Operations Research | 3 |
| EN.560.453 | An Introduction to Network Modeling | 3 |
| EN.560.459 | Production Systems Analysis | 3 |
CaSE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
In preparation for CaSE Professional Practice, students must also take the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam in the spring of their graduating year.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| EN.560.391 | CaSE Careers I (FA1.1eP, FA5eP) | 0.5 |
| EN.560.392 | CaSE Careers II | 0.5 |
| EN.560.401 | Design Theory and Practice (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 |
| EN.560.402 | CaSE Capstone Design Project (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 |
| EN.660.463 | Engineering Management & Leadership (FA5 Foundational Course in Ethical Reflection) | 3 |
| EN.661.110 | Professional Writing and Ethics (FA1 Foundational Course in Writing) | 3 |
| Total Credits | 13 | |
CaSE TECHNICAL ELECTIVES
Technical electives are designed to provide students with opportunities to explore the field of systems engineering in greater depth. These courses must be at the 300-level or higher and carry an E area distribution. Courses at the 300-level or higher with an N or Q distribution may be allowed with approval from the Director of Undergraduate Studies.
Courses may be taken as Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grades only with approval from the Director of Undergraduate Studies.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Two Technical Elective Courses | ||
| Total Credits | 6 | |
FREE ELECTIVES
Grades of D or higher are required. Satisfactory (S) grades will be accepted.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Elective courses to reach 125 credits | ||
Sample Program
This sample illustrates the general sequence of courses; individual programs may vary as a result of exam credits. For more information, visit the Civil and Systems Engineering website.
| First Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| AS.030.1011 | 3 | AS.110.109 (FA2 Calculus II Requirement) | 4 |
| AS.030.1051 | 1 | AS.171.1011 | 4 |
| AS.110.108 (FA2 Calculus I Requirement) | 4 | AS.173.1111 | 1 |
| EN.500.113 (FA2 Computing and Data Science Requirement) | 3 | EN.560.101 (FA1.2eP) | 3 |
| EN.560.100 | 3 | EN.560.192 (FA6eP - Project 1) | 1 |
| FYS or Design Cornerstone | 2-3 | EN.661.110 or AS.004 101 (FA1 Foundational Course in Writing) | 3 |
| Optional HEART course | 0-1 | ||
| 16-18 | 16 | ||
| Second Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.500.132 (FA2 Computing and Data Science Requirement) | 1 | AS.110.202 | 4 |
| EN.553.291 | 4 | EN.500.215 | 3 |
| EN.560.201 | 3 | EN.560.250 | 3 |
| EN.560.211 | 1 | EN.661.250 (FA1 Foundational Course in Oral Communication) | 3 |
| EN.560.240 (FA2 Probability and Statistics Requirement) | 3 | Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA4 (Engagement with Society) | 3 |
| Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 (Creative Expression) | 3 | ||
| 15 | 16 | ||
| Third Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.560.315 | 3 | EN.560.312 | 1 |
| EN.560.350 (Optimization for Systems Engineers) | 3 | EN.560.342 (Smart Cities) | 3 |
| EN.560.355 | 3 | EN.560.392 | 0.5 |
| EN.560.391 (FA1.1eP, FA5eP) | 0.5 | Basic Science Elective | 3 |
| Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 or FA4 | 3 | Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 |
| Free Elective | 3 | Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 or FA4 | 3 |
| Free Elective | 3 | ||
| 15.5 | 16.5 | ||
| Fourth Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.560.401 (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 | EN.560.402 (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 |
| EN.660.463 (FA5 Foundational Course in Ethical Reflection) | 3 | EN.560.458 | 3 |
| Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 | Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 |
| CaSE Technical Elective | 3 | CaSE Technical Elective | 3 |
| Free Elective | 3 | Free Elective | 3 |
| 15 | 15 | ||
| Total Credits 125-127 | |||
- 1
One of the natural science courses with its associated laboratory will satisfy the FA2 requirement. The other natural science courses with their associated laboratories will satisfy the Basic Sciences requirement for the major.
Sample Program with Hopkins Semester
This sample illustrates a possible sequence of courses for students wishing to pursue a Hopkins Semester in the spring of their junior year; the sequence may vary as a result of exam credits or pursuit of a minor in another department. Students may explore additional options with their professional academic advisor if their desired Hopkins Semester experience varies from what is presented here.
| First Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| AS.030.1011 | 3 | AS.110.109 (FA2 Calculus II Requirement) | 4 |
| AS.030.1051 | 1 | AS.171.1011 | 4 |
| AS.110.108 (FA2 Calculus I Requirement) | 4 | AS.173.1111 | 1 |
| EN.500.113 (FA2 Computing and Data Science Requirement) | 3 | EN.560.192 (FA6eP - Project 1) | 1 |
| EN.560.100 | 3 | EN.560.101 (FA1.2eP) | 3 |
| FYS or Design Cornerstone | 2-3 | EN.661.110 or AS.004 101 (FA1 Foundational Course in Writing) | 3 |
| Optional HEART course | 0-1 | ||
| 16-18 | 16 | ||
| Second Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.500.132 (FA2 Computing and Data Science) | 1 | AS.110.202 | 4 |
| EN.553.291 | 4 | EN.500.215 | 3 |
| EN.560.201 | 3 | EN.560.250 | 3 |
| EN.560.211 | 1 | EN.560.392 | 0.5 |
| EN.560.240 (FA2 Probability and Statistics Requirement) | 3 | EN.661.250 (FA1 Foundational Course in Oral Communication) | 3 |
| EN.560.391 (FA1.1eP, FA5eP) | 0.5 | Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA4 (Engagement with Society) | 3 |
| Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 (Creative Expression) | 3 | ||
| 15.5 | 16.5 | ||
| Third Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.560.315 | 3 | Hopkins Semester | |
| EN.560.350 (Optimization for Systems Engineers) | 3 | Free Elective | 3 |
| EN.560.355 | 3 | Free Elective | 3 |
| Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 | Free Elective | 3 |
| Basic Science Elective | 3 | Free Elective | 3 |
| Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 or FA4 | 3 | ||
| 18 | 12 | ||
| Fourth Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| EN.560.401 (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 | EN.560.312 | 1 |
| Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 | EN.560.342 (Smart Cities, FA6eP) | 3 |
| CaSE Technical Elective | 3 | EN.560.402 (Must take both EN.560.401 and EN.560.402 to satisfy FA6eP - Project 2) | 3 |
| EN.660.463 (FA5 Foundational Course in Ethical Reflection) | 3 | EN.560.458 | 3 |
| Course with EN Foundational Ability tag FA3 or FA4 | 3 | Analytics or Optimization Elective | 3 |
| CaSE Technical Elective | 3 | ||
| 15 | 16 | ||
| Total Credits 125-127 | |||
- 1
One of the natural science courses with its associated laboratory will satisfy the FA2 requirement. The other natural science courses with their associated laboratories will satisfy the Basic Sciences requirement for the major.