AS.270-271 (Earth & Planetary Sciences)

A broad survey of the Earth as a planet, with emphasis on the processes that control global changes. Topics include: the structure, formation, and evolution of the Earth, the atmosphere, oceans, continents, and biosphere. Special attention is given to present-day issues, such as global climate change, natural hazards, air pollution, resource depletion, human population growth, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity. Open to all undergraduates.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

The four and a half billion year story of Earth's global changes focusing on the co-evolution of Earth and Life.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

An introduction to planetary science and planetary exploration primarily for non-science majors. A survey of concepts from astronomy, chemistry, geology, and physics applied to the study of the solar system.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Ecology is the study of organisms and their environment. This course focuses on the patterns of distribution and abundance of organisms. Topics include population dynamics and regulation, competition, predation, host-parasite interactions, patterns of species diversity, community succession, the flow of energy and matter through ecosystems. We will also discuss the role of natural and human disturbances in shaping communities.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.103 OR AS.020.151

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

The course provides a broad introduction to the principles and practice of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and related tools of Geospatial Analysis. Topics will include history of GIS, GIS data structures, data acquisition and merging, database management, spatial analysis, and GIS applications. In addition, students will get hands-on experience working with GIS software.

Distribution Area: Engineering, Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Basic concepts in geology, including plate tectonics; Earth’s internal structure; geologic time; minerals; formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; development of faults, folds and earthquakes; geomagnetism. Corequisite (for EPS Majors): AS.270.221; optional for others. The course is introductory and open to undergraduates at all levels; freshmen are encouraged to enroll.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course is a hands-on learning experience for introductory geological concepts and techniques using geological tools, such as mineral/rock samples, microscopes, and maps. A Saturday fieldtrip in late Sep/early Oct is an essential part. The course is open to undergraduates at all levels; freshmen who wish to get their hands (and boots) dirty are encouraged to enroll.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.220, credit earned or concurrent enrollment

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

A broad survey of the Earth’s oceans and atmospheres, and their role in the environment and climate. Topics covered include waves, tides, ocean and atmosphere circulation, weather systems, tornadoes and hurricanes, El Niño, and climate change. For science and engineering majors

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course will explore the evolution of life in the context of environmental, ecological, and geological changes to the Earth surface system. The goal of the class is to provide students with an understanding of how geological and paleontological records provide insight into the origin(s) of life, oxygenation of the atmosphere, the evolution of multicellularity, evolutionary radiations and extinctions, and modern global change.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.103 OR AS.270.220 OR AS.270.224; or permission of the instructor.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This in-depth survey will inform students on the non-renewable and renewable energy resources of the world and the future prospects. Topics include petroleum, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, biomass, and ocean energy. Global production, distribution, usage, and impacts of these resources will be discussed.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Urban ecology has been called the ecology in, of, and for cities. In this course, we will explore how ecological concepts are applied to urban ecosystems and the different approaches to urban ecological research. Topics will include: Biodiversity, water dynamics, energy and heat island effects, and nutrient cycling, urban metabolism, design of greenspace, and sustainability of cities. We will use Baltimore as a case study for studying cities.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.202 OR EN.570.201

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive

An introduction to modern ways to interpret observations in the context of a conceptual model. Topics include model building, hypothesis testing, and inverse methods. Practical examples from geophysics, engineering, and medical physics will be featured.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Modern vertebrates (animals with backbones) are the products of a more than 500-million-year evolutionary history. This course surveys that history and uses it to explore such core evolutionary concepts as adaptive radiation, convergence, extinction, homology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and tree thinking. Emphasis will be placed on the origins of the modern vertebrate fauna and how fossils are being integrated with developmental biology to better understand major transitions in the vertebrate body plan.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Geobiology is the study of the interaction between rocks and life. Geobiologists investigate questions ranging from how organisms obtain energy from rocks to how evidence of life is preserved in rocks and informs us about the evolution of life on our planet and beyond. It is a rapidly expanding field because of its relevance to astrobiology, microbiology, paleontology, and reconstructing environmental change during ancient periods climate change with implications for evaluating our future under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In this course, students will learn about how organisms drive major elemental cycles that impact climate and habitability, how major evolutionary radiations have affected the trajectory of Earth surface environments, and the tools that are used to ask fundamental questions about why life has thrived on this planet and how we might detect if other planets support life.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.103 OR AS.270.220 OR AS.270.224

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

An introduction to the evolutionary history and diversity of mammals, with emphasis on the first half of the Cenozoic - the beginning of the Age of Mammals. The course will focus primarily on the adaptive radiation of mammals (including our own order primates) that followed the extinction of the dinosaurs, exploring the origins and relationships of the major groups of mammals as well as the anatomical and ecological reasons for their success. Lectures will be supplemented with relevant fossils and recent specimens.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

How can we balance the increasing global food demand with sustainable ecological practices?How are the agricultural, ecological, and socio-economic aspects of food productionintertwined? This course addresses these questions and enables students to critically evaluateexisting agroecosystems around the world, with special attention paid to the challenges of globalenvironmental change. Students will be introduced to the principles of agroecology, and theywill examine interactions between biodiversity, soil, and people through case studies, peerreviewed scientific papers, and a field trip to a local agroecosystem

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

In this course, students examine the meaning and implications of biodiversity with a focus on disciplines associated with conservation biology, wildlife conservation and wildlife management, including taxonomy, genetics, small population biology, chemical and restoration ecology, and marine biology. This includes exploring how conservation biology differs from other natural sciences in theory and in application. Students learn the major threats to biodiversity and what natural and social science methods and alternatives are used to mitigate, stop, or reverse these threats. The course also includes the economic and cultural tradeoffs associated with each conservation measure at the global, national, regional, and local levels. One required field trip.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

Writing Intensive

This course is an introduction to the use of remote sensing technology to study Earth’s physical and biochemical processes. Topics covered include remote sensing of the atmosphere, land and oceans, as well as remote sensing as a tool for policy makers. Also offered as 270.618.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Introduction to radioisotope geo/thermochronology and mantle stable and radioisotope geochemistry. Course covers: (1) methods for dating of rocks and geologic processes using long-half-life radioisotope systems, including the various isotope systems available and their applicability; (2) radioisotope techniques for investigation of the geochemical evolution of the crust and mantle; (3) isotope fractionation and utility of traditional and novel stable isotope geochemistry for interrogating high-temperature processes, and (4) thermochronology and methods for interrogating upper-crustal processes. Recommended course background: AS.270.220 and AS.270.221, or instructor permission.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Introduction to the classification, crystallography, and physical properties of minerals. Weekly lab topics include field identification, crystal morphology and symmetry, optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. One field trip to the Smithsonian National Museum of History and Research Archives is planned.

Prerequisite(s): Students must have completed Lab Safety training prior to registering for this class. To access the tutorial, login to myLearning and enter ASEN in the Search Box to access the proper course. Click here to access the Laboratory Safety Introductory Course

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course will examine the cycling of trace chemicals in the ocean, consider what we can learn from the distributions of these chemicals about the ocean circulation, and ocean ecosystems. Topics covered will include oceanic biological productivity, open water cycling of nutrients and oxygen, ocean acidification and sediment cycling.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2)

Writing Intensive

This class is an introduction to a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena in the world’s oceans. Underlying basic principles are exposed wherever possible. Topics covered include: seawater, waves, tides, ocean circulation, chemical oceanography, biogeochemical ocean processes, and remote sensing of the oceans. Recommended Course Background: freshman Physics, Chemistry, Calculus through ordinary differential equations.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2)

Writing Intensive

The course introduces basic aspects of cycles and flows in the soil ecosystem, and provides students with an overview of the higher groups of soil organisms. Laboratory and field surveying methods are also covered.

Prerequisite(s): Students must have completed Lab Safety training prior to registering for this class. To access the tutorial, login to myLearning and enter ASEN in the Search Box to access the proper course. Click here to access the Laboratory Safety Introductory Course

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

A study of streams, lakes, and groundwater with a focus on aspects of water quality, hydrology, geomorphology, and aquatic ecology that are relevant to human impacts on freshwater systems. US environmental policies and water resource management agencies will also be examined in the context of issues such as dams, cattle grazing, climate change, and water allocation.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.103 OR AS.271.107 or permission of the instructor.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course will introduce student to methods used in field-based ecological research addressing population, community and ecosystem-level questions. Outdoor fieldwork is an essential part of the course. Field activities will center around the riparian ecosystem adjacent to the Homewood campus and on the urban ecology of the greater Baltimore region. Students will build skills in data collection, analysis, synthesis, and presentation. Basic statistical instruction in R will be taught to aid data analysis.

Prerequisite(s): Click here to access the Laboratory Safety Introductory Course;AS.270.202

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This field-based course will put into practice the methods and concepts learned in the co-requisite course, Structural Geology Seminar. The field course will focus on the use of compass, map and pencil/tablet, and will be geared toward learning traditional methods that require a complete understanding of geometric and cross-cutting/overprinting relationships as they are recorded in outcrop. Field areas will include Hutton's unconformity at Siccar Point, Barrow's isograds in the Scottish Highlands, and coastal exposures surrounding Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire and Portsoy, Banffshire.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Seminar class on fundamentals of structural geology. Involves weekly readings/practical exercises on: (1) rock mechanics and deformation processes; (2) commonly-encountered deformation products/structures; (3) deformation style and associated fabrics/textures/structure; (4) metamorphism and deformation; (5) techniques for describing and measuring structures; (6) interpretation of structural data on maps and cross-sections; (7) approaches for inferring large-scale structure from limited data, and (8) methods for visualizing and analyzing structure. Recommended course background: AS.270.220, or instructor permission.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Sedimentary rocks are the historical records of the Earth, documenting climate change, mass extinctions, and the evolution of life. This course will provide an introduction to sedimentary processes and sedimentary rocks. Focus is placed on linking physical observations to the ancient environments in which sedimentary rocks once formed. Fundamental tools for interpreting the sedimentary rock record, such as depositional models, geochronology, and chemostratigraphy will be reviewed. Two 1-day weekend field trips will occur over the course of the semester. There will also be weekly 1-hour labs. Lab and field trip times will be determined in the first week of class. Graduate and advanced undergraduate level. Recommended Course Background: AS.270.220 or instructor permission.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Forests are critical global ecosystems that provide not only timber and wood products, but an array of services including habitat for wildlife, water filtration, carbon storage, and recreational opportunities. This integrated seminar-based course features an interdisciplinary approach to understanding forested landscapes that stresses not only inventorying the biotic and abiotic components, but examining how these pieces are distributed in the landscape (patterns) and what forces drive these patterns (processes). Topics focus on the biological, geological, climatological, cultural, and historical underpinnings needed to observe, interpret, and analyze forest communities. It will cover aspects of biogeography, climate forcing of vegetation dynamics, effects of invasive species, land use change and creation of urban forests. This course has an associated 1- credit field trip that counts as a lab requirement for ENVS majors.

Corequisite(s): Students must enroll in AS.270.355[C]

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Stable isotope measurements are used to probe fundamental questions in the Earth and environmental sciences because they can be used to extract information about chemical, physical, and biological processes associated with the formation of geomaterials. Stable isotope patterns have been used for applications ranging from tracking the rise of oxygen on the early Earth to studying human diet. The majority of the course will focus on light isotope systems (O, C, S, etc.) and low-temperature applications, including: (1) tracing sources and sinks of fluids, sediments, biological materials, and contaminants, (2) studying rates and mechanisms of biochemical reactions, and (3) paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We will also review novel stable isotope applications including heavy isotope systems and mass independent fractionations. At the end of the course, students will be able to make interpretations about how stable isotope patterns inform our knowledge of how geomaterials are formed and provide information about the Earth system.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.220 OR AS.270.224

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This field oriented lab focuses on hands-on learning experiences in forest ecology. Efforts focus on foundational topics in forest ecology including: physiography and site quality; forest soils and nutrient cycling; ecological succession; forest dynamics; community structure; natural disturbance; and invasive/non-native species. Labs feature visits to local forest sites and one long weekend trip.

Corequisite(s): Students must enroll in AS.270.353[C]

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

What makes a resource critical? Where do these critical resources come from? This course will provide an understanding of the origin and distribution of mineral deposits that are essential for climate action, particularly in meeting our rapidly growing clean energy needs—from wind turbines and solar panels to electric vehicles. But are these essential minerals sustainable? How does the extraction of these minerals impact the environment and society? Throughout the course, we will explore how geological processes, driven by plate tectonics, form critical mineral deposits and examine their role in the clean energy transition. Through case studies and debates, we will explore the environmental and societal impacts of mineral extraction. A short field trip around Baltimore, combined with the examination of ore and rock samples in class, will help connect the course material to real-world applications. The course will also cover mineral exploration techniques and resource estimation methods.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This field focused course will use the living “laboratory” of Maritime Canada (NL) and surrounding landscapes to learn about and explore key concepts and timely issues concerning the birth of the North American Continent, the creation and destruction of oceans, human ecology, climate change, early Scandinavian encounters with Native Peoples, whaling and marine fisheries around the Labrador Sea and the Grand Banks. Participants will travel to NL during the summer.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Culture and Aesthetics (FA3)

This cause is a field learning experience exploring the natural history of Atlantic Canada (NL) and surrounding landscapes to learn about and explore key concepts and timely issues concerning the birth of the North American Continent, the creation and destruction of oceans, forest ecology, culture, climate change, whaling and marine fisheries around the Labrador Sea and the Grand Banks. The course is only open to students who have taken or are concurrently taking AS.270.360.

Prerequisite(s): The course is only open to students who have taken or are concurrently taking AS.270.360.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

Everything we know about the origins and evolution of life comes from the geologic record: bones and shells, stromatolites, ancient DNA, and subtle variations in the chemical and isotopic composition of rocks. But what processes — biological and abiological — determine which living things really do “live forever” as fossil biosignatures, and which are lost to the sands of time? In this course, students will learn how researchers read and interpret the geologic record of life and quantify its limitations, to better understand how life came to be and how it has changed through time. They will learn how organisms’ lifestyles and metabolisms affect the chemical and physical properties of their environment and how the process of fossilization is facilitated by physiology, ecological relationships, and diagenesis. Students will engage with a wide range of content, from interdisciplinary academic research articles to speculative science fiction, and work with geologic samples and chemical and isotopic datasets.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course will present the fundamental concepts of igneous petrology—the study of rocks that solidify from magmas—which is used to understand how crust is generated on Earth and other planetary bodies. From the generation of ocean floor basalts to granites of the upper continental crust, we will look at the Earth’s dynamic structure and the connections between its mantle and surface. Topics such as the effects of volcanic eruptions on climate, or the role of large igneous provinces on biological mass extinctions will be investigated, linking microscopic details of rocks to major events of Earth history. An overview of the main geochemical tools used by the igneous petrologist will enable students to evaluate the geochemical and petrological variety of igneous systems.This course is intended for both undergraduate and graduate students in the EPS department. There are no pre-requisites, but some background in introductory geology (e.g. Dynamic Earth) and mineralogy will be helpful.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Investigation into the content relevant to an ongoing spacecraft instrumentation project. An interdisciplinary team will enhance the skills and knowledge of science and engineering students. Topics include mission background, planetary science, sensor design, spacecraft systems, and mission planning, and sensor fabrication, calibration, integration, and testing, data analysis and interpretation, scientific/technical writing and publication.

Distribution Area: Engineering, Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This is a weekly reading seminar and fieldwork course focused on the bedrock geology and tectonic history of the Baltimore area. The course is majority fieldwork, with four local, half-day fieldtrips replacing four of the 1h classroom sessions. The course will consider the following four elements of Baltimore’s hard rock geology: (1) the Grenville-age basement gneisses; (2) Baltimore Terrane stratigraphy associated with rifting of Rodinia and subsequent tectonic activation of the passive margin; (3) Baltimore Mafic Complex record of subduction initiation in the ancient Iapetus Ocean; and (4) metamorphism and magmatism during the Appalachian Orogeny. For each of the four geological elements studied we will first read research papers on their age, origin and significance, before taking a fieldtrip to see associated outcrops.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Intended for majors who are interested in the science that underlies the current debate on global warming, the focus is on recent observations one can glean from model simulations. Meets with AS.270.641. Recommended Course Background: AS.110.108-AS.110.109 and AS.171.101-AS.171.102

Prerequisite(s): Student may not receive credit for both AS.270.378 and AS.270.641.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

A survey of core topics in atmospheric science, including dynamics, thermodynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry. The course addresses both basic principles and applications to weather and climate. Recommended pre-requisites: General Calculus and Physics I and/or Oceans and Atmospheres.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course will provide an overview of the dominant technologies aimed at “negative carbon emissions”. These initiatives, collectively known as Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS), involve capturing CO2 from industrial sources or the atmosphere, utilizing it to create products, or storing it permanently underground. Our societies will need to remove several billion tons of CO2 from air annually in order to have measurable impacts and limit global warming, and this requires a multi-directional approach, involving expertise in Earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences as well as engineering. Students will evaluate the feasibility of strategies such as carbon storage in soils and biomass, direct air capture, ocean alkalinity enhancement, carbon mineralization via enhanced weathering, as well as geological storage in sedimentary formations or by mineralization in mafic and ultramafic rocks.This course is intended for both undergraduate and graduate students in EPS, environmental science, engineering, economics and social sciences. There are no pre-requisites, although general Earth science knowledge will help interpreting the readings.

Over the course of evolution, animals have conquered every conceivable habitat due to their remarkable ability to survive and adapt to an ever-changing planet. In this dissection-based course, we will explore how the major groups of animals structure their anatomy to thrive in different habitats. Using an evolutionary framework, we will explore the emergence and modification of anatomical features through in-class, individual and team dissections, detailed drawings, and student presentations of findings. Students will be introduced to best practices in dissection and apply their skills to specimens sampled across the animal tree life, ranging from giant bristle worms to sharks and mammals.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

This course is an introduction to the interdisciplinary study of climate and infectious diseases. We will examine how variability in climate factors (such as temperature and rainfall) influences the incidence of climate-sensitive infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue, meningitis, influenza), learning techniques for analyzing climate data and modeling climatic impacts on disease. A major focus of the course is on scientific communication via a course project involving scientific writing and data visualization. This course is primarily targeted towards upper-level undergraduates who are comfortable with their quantitative skills. Prior content knowledge in climate science and public health is not required. Prior coding experience is not required, but would be helpful.

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2)

Writing Intensive

This course investigates the physical processes occurring in planetary interiors. Topics include formation and differentiation of planetary bodies, planetary structure, thermal evolution, convection, and dynamo generation of magnetic fields. Standard remote sensing methods used to investigate planetary interiors and results from recent planetary satellite missions will also be discussed.Recommended: Knowledge of vector calculus, PDEs and introductory physics.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

The majority of Life that existed on our planet is extinct, and the small and number of lineages that survived into the present cannot tell a complete story of Life’s evolutionary history. To fill these blank pages, we need to explore the fossil record on Earth (and elsewhere in the solar system) for information that can be directly integrated with data for living organisms.This course tackles the reconstruction of the history of life from a practical and research-oriented perspective! We will explore concepts of evolution and survey the various approaches that allow us to extract biological information from modern and fossil samples. We will discuss the impact of fossilization on morphological and molecular character fidelity and integrate characters in the context of evolutionary relationships. We will discuss different data science tools used for evolutionary inferences, exemplified by guided in-session exercises. We will apply these skills when we move on to explore the anatomy, physiology, and ecology of animals through the lens of evolution. In this course, students will go through the complete cross-disciplinary process inferring an evolutionary process – translational skills, that will enable them to conduct independent research on the topic.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Seminar class on recent developments in igneous and metamorphic petrology. Involves weekly readings on modern methods/understanding in petrogenesis and processes leading to mineral (re)crystallization; rock deformation; fluid transport in rocks; pressure and temperature estimates of rock formation, and rates/durations of thermotectonic processes in the lithosphere. Topics covered will cater to interests and learning goals of those who register in the class.

This course explores processes that influence the evolution of planetary surfaces, including impact cratering, tectonics, volcanism, weathering, and sediment transport. These processes manifest themselves as structural deformation of planetary crusts due to loading by volcanoes, formation of craters by asteroid impacts, modification of surfaces by flowing landslides, rivers and glaciers, and the accumulation and transport of sand in dune fields on various planets. Emphasis is on the relationship to similar Earth processes, and the integrated geologic histories of the terrestrial planets, satellites, and asteroids. The focus will be on developing a physical understanding of these processes to interpret the surface characteristics and evolution of planets, satellites, asteroids, and comets from both qualitative assessments and quantitative measurements obtained from spacecraft data. A key component of the class will be the interpretation of these observations from recent and current planetary missions to the Moon, Mars, and other terrestrial bodies.Recommended Course Background: A sound knowledge of Calculus and Introductory Physics, and some prior knowledge of Earth and/or Planetary Science.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Field experience is an integral part of a geology student’s education. During this course, students will learn to digitize, synthesize, and interpret the observations they made during the January field-based class to interpret the geologic history and structure of southern California. Study USA: Geological Field Studies in California is a co-requisite for this course. The focus of the field work and course will be on applying concepts and techniques covered in Dynamic Earth (AS.270.220/1), Sedimentary Geology (AS.270.350), Earth History (AS.270.303), Planets, Life and the Universe (AS.020.334), and Isotope Geochemistry (AS.270.331). Sedimentary rocks are spectacularly exposed in this region and record over a billion years of key events in Earth history. Students will learn how these rocks have shaped our understanding of major evolutionary and environmental shifts in Earth’s past, while also learning how to map these units’ regional geographic distribution. Finally, students will also learn about the different tectonic events that have shaped the landscape that we see today in the western United States. The class is designed for upper level E&PS majors and E&PS graduate students.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.344

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2)

Writing Intensive

This is a discussion-based course in current research in ecology. Each week a student will lead a discussion of a published paper in the field of ecology.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Fundamental concepts and basic principles of chemistry and physics applied to the study of planetary atmospheres. Vertical structure of planetary atmospheres. Atmospheric radiation, thermodynamics, and transport. Principles of photochemistry. Planetary spectroscopy and remote sensing. Upper atmospheres and ionospheres. Evolution and stability of planetary atmospheres. Recommended Course Background: basic physics, chemistry and calculus

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

An introductory course on the properties, flow, and transport characteristics of fluids throughout the Earth and planets. Topics covered include: constitutive relationships, fluid rheology, hydrostatics, dimensional analysis, low Reynolds number flow, porous media, waves, stratified and rotating fluids, plus heat, mass, and tracer transport. Illustrative examples and problems are drawn from the atmosphere, ocean, crust, mantle, and core of the Earth and other Planets. Open to graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Recommended Course Background: Basic Physics, Calculus, and familiarity with ordinary differential equations.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

Introduction to plate tectonics and its "framework" role in understanding the Earth. Kay papers will be discussed in a weekly seminar class. Focus will be on early works that helped establish the theory, in addition to recent breakthrough contributions that have led to modifications and improvements to the theory of plate tectonics.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2)

The geologic record indicates that during several multi-million year intervals in Earth’s ancient past, ice sheets at sea-level stabilized at tropical latitudes, suggesting alterations between snowball and greenhouse climate states. By reviewing literature from the initial hypotheses of global glaciation through the most recent advances in understanding of Earth's long term climate history, this course will explore the geologic evidence for extraordinary climate fluctuations, the climate dynamics of these extreme states, and the geochemical and geobiological causes and consequences of the most severe episodes of climate change in Earth history. This class is a seminar class following the ERL Intersession course to Death Valley, California.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.344

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Exploration of topic(s) in earth, planetary, and/or environmental science under the direction of an instructor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Research in earth, planetary, and/or environmental science conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Senior thesis research in earth sciences conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive

A variety of topics of current interest involving mineral-fluid interactions will be reviewed.

A weekly seminar series in which graduate students present their latest research results and attend Departmental seminars. This course is required for all graduate students in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.

A weekly seminar series in which graduate students present their latest research results and attend Departmental seminars. This course is required for all graduate students in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.

Urban ecology has been called the ecology in, of, and for cities. In this course, we will explore how ecological concepts are applied to urban ecosystems and the different approaches to urban ecological research. Topics will include: Biodiversity, water dynamics, energy and heat island effects, and nutrient cycling, urban metabolism, design of greenspace, and sustainability of cities. We will use Baltimore as a case study for studying cities.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

This graduate class will introduce modern inverse modeling and data assimilation techniques. These powerful methods are used in atmospheric science, oceanography, and geophysics and are growing more widespread. Topics will include: singular value decomposition, Green’s function inversions, Kalman filtering, and variational data assimilation. The class will include lectures on concepts and theory, and practical experience in the computer laboratory.Permission of Instructor Required

This is a discussion-based course in which students take turns leading the discussion of geoscience science journal articles and other relevant publications.

This course is an introduction to the use of remote sensing technology to study Earth’s physical and biochemical processes. Topics covered include remote sensing of the atmosphere, land and oceans, as well as remote sensing as a tool for policy makers. Also offered as 270.318.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

The aim of this course is to achieve conceptual understanding of the large scale low frequency ocean general circulation. The role of the ocean circulation in earth's climate is emphasized throughout.

This course focuses on select regional geology or ecology sites and involves a weekend field trip to explore key locations. Students are required to prepare short presentations on field trip stops in advance of the weekend trip. Attendance at organizational meetings is required. Open to E&PS graduate students and upper level EPS or ENVS undergraduate majors/minors. The focus area will the Inner Piedmont and Blue Ridge of North Carolina. Two meetings to be scheduled prior to trip.

This course will cover fundamentals of aerosol physics and chemistry. Topics covered will include aerodynamics and diffusion of aerosol particles, condensation and evaporation, particle size distributions, optics of small particles, characterization of particle composition, and the diversity of aerosols found in planetary atmospheres.Recommended Course Background: Basic Physics and Chemistry. Calculus.

This seminar will provide a review of the current state of urban systems science via weekly seminars and readings by current experts in the increasingly important field of urban environmental and social sciences research. The seminar is a joint offering being coordinated by Johns Hopkins, Penn State, and Morgan State Universities. Given the distance between campuses, the course will be held in hybrid mode. Students enrolled in the course for credit will write three reflections on seminar topics over the course of the semester.

Meets with AS.270.378.

Prerequisite(s): Student may not receive credit for both AS.270.378 and AS.270.641.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

Earth’s climate varies over a wide range of time scales. Some of these variations, like rainy or dry summers, are a familiar part of daily life. Others, like the ice ages, have profoundly shaped the evolution of culture and ecosystems, but are largely invisible to us today. Climate variability complicates our ability to detect and attribute changes due to anthropogenic impacts. However, building systems that are resilient to variability may also help with mitigating such impacts. This course covers a range of climate variations, focusing on understanding the mechanisms and impacts of particular modes of variability.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

Writing Intensive

A sequel to AS.270.425 concentrating on planetary-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Physical understanding of the underlying fluid dynamics will be emphasized.

Environmental data is often messy-contaminated with noise, fundamental nonlinear, potentially stationary. This course will build on Menke and menke's Environmental Data Analysis with Matlab to examine methods of analyzing environmental data that don't lead us to confuse noise with signal. Topics covered will include significance testing, spectral estimation, nonparametric methods, multivariate data analysis. Applications will be tailored to the student interest.

The Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative (BSEC) aims to develop climate action plans for Baltimore that also improve the well-being of those who live in historically underserved neighborhoods. To achieve this goal an extensive and diverse range of environmental measurements are being made in and around Baltimore City. This course will introduce the science within BSEC, the measurements being made to address this science, and approaches used to analyze these data, including time series, spatial, and multivariate analysis. Students will perform data analysis projects using the BSEC and other data for Baltimore. Topics will be tailored to the student interest. No previous connection with BSEC required.

Thermodynamic basis for the modeling of irreversible chemical mass transfer involving minerals and aqueous species at elevated temperatures and pressures. Reading will start with classic papers by Helgeson and co-workers and proceed to applications in the literature involving hydrothermal ore deposits, subduction zones, and diamond formation in the upper mantle. The course focusses on developing specific projects of research interest to individual participants.Recommended Course Background: AS.030.101 and AS.030.102 or equivalent, AND AS.270.220 AND AS.270.221 or equivalent, AND AS.270.302 or equivalent.

This is a discussion-based course in which students take turns leading the discussion of planetary science journal articles and other relevant publications.

The origin and evolution of life-as-we-know-it is obscured in deep time, while the origins and evolution of life-as-we-do-not-know-it are assumed to be hidden in deep space. Both temporal and spatial distance to the processes behind evolvability impose surprisingly similar methodological challenges: although we can directly measure the diversity and disparity of modern life forms and their emergent properties, contextualization in the light of evolutionary relationships and dynamics universally follows top-down inferences. The resulting mechanistic insights allow to constrain evolvability on future Earth and elsewhere in our dynamic universe. This course introduces frontier tools that allow us to integrate compatible data for modern organisms and fossil remains of extinct life forms through time. Practice datasets will guide participants step-by-step through inferences of evolutionary processes and their implementation into models constraining and probing evolvability across space. This is a cross-disciplinary, immersive course that requires no prior coding skills.

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This weekly seminar explores current research focusing on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, soil functions, and the interactions among soils, microbes, plants, and fauna. Emphasis is on human impacted soils, such as urban and agricultural ecosystems.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

Geobiology is the study of interactions between life and rocks. In this class we will explore how organisms impact sedimentary records both directly, by leaving behind biosignatures, or indirectly, by affecting their surroundings in a way that promotes formation of certain types of minerals. This will serve as a guide for interpreting geological records during the early evolution of life on Earth, the rise of animals, and major mass extinctions.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

A survey of core topics in atmospheric science, including dynamics, thermodynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry. The course addresses both basic principles and applications to weather and climate. Recommended pre-requisites: General Calculus and Physics I and/or Oceans and Atmospheres.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

This course will provide an overview of the dominant technologies aimed at “negative carbon emissions”. These initiatives, collectively known as Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS), involve capturing CO2 from industrial sources or the atmosphere, utilizing it to create products, or storing it permanently underground. Our societies will need to remove several billion tons of CO2 from air annually in order to have measurable impacts and limit global warming, and this requires a multi-directional approach, involving expertise in Earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences as well as engineering. Students will evaluate the feasibility of strategies such as carbon storage in soils and biomass, direct air capture, ocean alkalinity enhancement, carbon mineralization via enhanced weathering, as well as geological storage in sedimentary formations or by mineralization in mafic and ultramafic rocks. This course is intended for both undergraduate and graduate students in EPS, environmental science, engineering, economics and social sciences. There are no pre-requisites, although general Earth science knowledge will help interpreting the readings.

The geologic record indicates that during several multi-million year intervals in Earth’s ancient past, ice sheets at sea-level stabilized at tropical latitudes, suggesting alterations between snowball and greenhouse climate states. By reviewing literature from the initial hypotheses of global glaciation through the most recent advances in understanding of Earth's long term climate history, this course will explore the geologic evidence for extraordinary climate fluctuations, the climate dynamics of these extreme states, and the geochemical and geobiological causes and consequences of the most severe episodes of climate change in Earth history.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This course covers the basic theory of planetary atmospheres as applied to extrasolar planets. The fundamental physical processes related to the structure, composition, radiative transfer, chemistry and dynamics of planetary atmospheres are covered, with an emphasis on those related to observable exoplanet properties. We also provide an overview of the observational techniques of exoplanetary atmospheres and discuss the habitability of exoplanets.

This seminar-style course will enable graduate students in Earth and Planetary Sciences to discuss issues and develop skills relevant to working in earth and planetary science fields. Topics will vary each iteration and may include graduate school expectations, research and communication methods, grant and funding procedures, stress management, organization and management methods, critical conversations, work-life balance, career paths, and JEDI issues and resources in the geosciences. Course open to EPS Graduate Students or by Instructor Permission

Exploration of topic(s) in earth, planetary, and/or environmental science under the direction of an instructor.

Research in earth, planetary, and/or environmental science conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Research in earth, planetary, and/or environmental science conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Humans are having such a massive impact on Earth systems that some call this the Anthropocene epoch. Should we consider this state of affairs progress or catastrophe? How to we find a sustainable path to the future? This course provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the principles and practice of sustainability, exploring such issues as population, pollution, energy and natural resources, biodiversity, food, justice, and climate change through the lens of systems thinking. Course open to freshmen, sophomores, and juniors.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Writing Intensive

Coastal, arctic, and arid ecosystems are significantly affected by climate change. This course invites us to think about small rural communities that have been profoundly affected by climate change. By combining physical climate systems analysis with ethnographic case studies and multiple theoretical models, the course offers insights from the intersection of climate science and anthropology on how the people in these areas interact with their environment over their lives. While examining the inhabitants’ knowledge-based views of climate and local socioecological systems, students in this course will develop more robust, flexible models of anthropological analysis for climate change (in general) and for smaller ecosystems (in particular) in the context of what is known about recent and future projected climate change.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Culture and Aesthetics (FA3)

Writing Intensive

Worldwide, there has been rapidly growing interest in research, education, and discourse around the Food-Energy-Water-Nexus (FEW-Nexus). This course will provide students with a framework to describe, analyze, and assist in addressing these complex interrelationships associated with coupled human-natural systems at local, regional, and global scales. The course integrates physical and biological sciences, social and behavioral sciences, humanities, and engineering while covering broad frameworks such as ecosystem-based approaches, critical historical and ethnographic analysis, decision science, and relevant research methods. The course culminates in a funded field work experience at several sites in Brazil. Admission by permission of instructors.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

EN Foundational Abilities: Engagement with Society (FA4)

Ecological anthropology course focuses on the anthropological assessment of environmental issues, the management of natural resources and the study of cultural and behavioral factors as they impinge upon our understanding human engagement with the environment. Course material will address human ability to respond to environmentally based adaptations, solutions, and resilience. Course activities and assignments will investigate how human knowledge is integrated into ecological systems across global communities.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Culture and Aesthetics (FA3)

EN Foundational Abilities: Creative Expression (FA3)

Writing Intensive

This Sustainability Research Lab is an interdisciplinary course that aims to provide a deeper understanding of sustainability practices and environmental values concerning human well-being, viewed from both scientific and humanistic perspectives. Students will select their research project and explore a topic of interest, such are climate change, environmental health, air pollution and justice, food production, renewable energy, and urban planning, which encompasses architecture, design, and public art. In this course, students will apply research methods and perspectives from socio-ecological and climate-energy sciences to investigate sustainable practices within their chosen area among sustainability topics.

Prerequisite(s): AS.271.107[C]

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Culture and Aesthetics (FA3), Projects and Methods (FA6)

EN Foundational Abilities: Creative Expression (FA3)

Experiential Research Lab (ERL) is travel experience that aims to provide a deeper understanding of sustainability practices and environmental values concerning human well-being, viewed from both scientific and humanistic perspectives. Students will travel to Copenhagen to implement their research project and explore topics of interest, such are climate change, environmental health, air pollution and justice, food production, renewable energy, and urban planning, which encompasses architecture, design, and public art. In this course, students will apply research methods and perspectives from socio-ecological and climate-energy sciences to investigate sustainable practices within their chosen area among sustainability topics.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Culture and Aesthetics (FA3), Citizens and Society (FA4), Projects and Methods (FA6)

EN Foundational Abilities: Creative Expression (FA3), Engagement with Society (FA4)

This “book club” style seminar focuses on the exploration, discussion and critical analysis of a range of environmental films, art, and literature. This seminar, students will have the opportunity to do creative writing and visual arts, and reading environmental literature.

Distribution Area: Humanities

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Culture and Aesthetics (FA3), Projects and Methods (FA6)

EN Foundational Abilities: Creative Expression (FA3)

Writing Intensive

In this seminar students will read seminal pieces in the field of socio-environmental research. Socio-environmental research recognizes that society and nature inherently interact in such a way that they affect and change one-another - it is not only that society affects the nature or that nature only affects society. Solving environmental problems necessitates understanding this duality and thus an interdisciplinary background. Assigned readings will span early from thinkers on environmental problems (Before 1900) to current approaches to studying and solving environmental problems.It is aimed at upper level undergraduates and graduate students.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

EN Foundational Abilities: Engagement with Society (FA4)

This course will investigate the policy and scientific debate over global warming. It will review the current state of scientific knowledge about climate change, examine the potential impacts and implications of climate change, explore our options for responding to climate change, and discuss the present political debate over global warming.

Prerequisite(s): AS.270.103 or permission of instructor

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

This course will provide students with a strong foundation in the conceptualization and operationalization of research, how to design a research project and explore different research methods in the environmental field. Students will learn key principles of research design including crafting a suitable research question, identifying appropriate methodologies, and writing a formal project proposal.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

The water, energy and food (WEF) nexus is a topic of growing interest in the research and policy communities. This course will survey WEF concepts and principles, introduce tools of analysis, and engage students in case studies of critical WEF issues in the United States and internationally.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

EN Foundational Abilities: Engagement with Society (FA4)

This seminar will provide the academic space, time, and mentoring for students to integrate, synthesize and apply the knowledge and skills obtained through the ENVS curriculum. The course focuses on the development of critical thinking and oral communication skills through intellectual engagement with complex and challenging environmental problems.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Permission required. ENVS major students complete a group project that engages with foundational questions in the greater environmental sphere. Capstone students will be required to jointly develop, implement, and present a research project. Students must also sign up for AS.271.496 concurrently.

Corequisite(s): Students who take AS.271.497 must also enroll in AS.271.496.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This seminar explores topics related to career development and current events to support senior environmental majors as they transition to post-graduate life and work.

AS Foundational Abilities: Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

Exploration of topic(s) in environmental studies under the direction of an instructor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Research in environmental studies conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This course requires students to synthesize, integrate, and apply environmental skills and theory in a practical setting.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

This course is designed to accompany a supervised, hands-on experience working on an environmental or sustainability-related internship. In addition to completing 80 hours of applied work, students will prepare a reflective journal, paper, and poster presentation about their experience.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

Distribution Area: Natural Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Senior thesis research project in environmental science or environmental studies conducted under the direction of a faculty advisor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Customized Academic Learning using the Customized Academic Learning form found in Student Self-Service: Registration > Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive