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Economics

Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences

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  • Explore our Programs
  • University-​wide Policies and Information
    • Academic Policies and Information
      • Academic Calendar
      • Academic Integrity Policies
      • Animal Care and Use Program
      • Credit Hour Policy
      • FERPA
      • PHD Specific Policies
      • Student Leave of Absence Policy
      • Student Status (Course Load)
      • Transcripts and Enrollment Verifications
    • Admission and Aid
      • Tuition, Fees, and Cost of Attendance
        • Financial Aid
    • Higher Education Act Disclosures
      • General Institutional Information
      • Health and Safety Information
      • Student Financial Assistance Information
    • Office of Institutional Equity
      • Discrimination and Harassment Policy and Procedures
      • Equal Opportunity and Title IX Notice
      • Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedures
    • Rights, Privileges, and Responsibilities
      • Academic Grievance Policy: Students and Postdoctoral Fellows
      • New Child Accommodations for Full-​Time Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Trainees
      • Personal Relationships Policy
      • Photography and Film Rights Policy
      • Student Conduct Code
      • Student Disability Services (SDS)
      • Student Health
    • Veterans Affairs
  • Bloomberg School of Public Health
    • Academic Calendar
    • Admission
    • CEPH Requirements
    • Departments
      • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
        • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MHS
        • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ScM
        • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Biostatistics
        • Biostatistics, MHS
        • Biostatistics, ScM
        • Biostatistics, PhD
      • Department of Environmental Health and Engineering
        • Environmental Health, MHS
        • Environmental Health, SCM
        • Toxicology for Human Risk Assessment, MS
        • Environmental Health, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Epidemiology
        • Epidemiology, MHS
        • Epidemiology, ScM
        • Epidemiology, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Health, Behavior and Society
        • Health Education and Health Communication, MSPH
        • Genetic Counseling, ScM
        • Health, Behavior, and Society, MHS
        • Health, Behavior and Society, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Health Policy and Management
        • Health Administration, MHA
        • Health Economics and Outcomes Research, MHS
        • Health Finance and Management, MHS
        • Health Policy, MSPH
        • Health Policy and Management, PhD
        • Health Policy and Management, DrPH (Tsinghua)
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of International Health
        • Global Health Economics, MHS
        • International Health, MSPH
        • International Health, MSPH, Human Nutrition-​Dietitian
        • International Health, MA/​MSPH
        • International Health, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Mental Health
        • Mental Health, MHS
        • Mental Health, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Molecular Microbiology &​ Immunology
        • Molecular Microbiology &​ Immunology, MHS
        • Molecular Microbiology &​ Immunology, ScM
        • Molecular Microbiology &​ Immunology, PhD
        • Non-​Degree Training
      • Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health
        • Population, Family and Reproductive Health, MHS
        • Population, Family and Reproductive Health, MHS Online
        • Population, Family and Reproductive Health, MSPH
        • Population, Family and Reproductive Health, PhD
      • Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)
      • Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Investigation
        • Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Investigation, MHS
        • Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Investigation, PhD
        • Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Investigation, ScM
      • Master of Arts in Public Health Biology
      • Master of Bioethics
      • Master of Public Health Program
        • DNP/​MPH
        • DVM/​MPH
        • JD/​MPH
        • LLM/​MPH
        • MBA/​MPH with China Europe International Business School
        • MD/​MPH
        • MPH/​MBA
        • MSW/​MPH
      • MAS-​Office
        • Master of Applied Science in Community-​Based Primary Health Care Programs in Global Health
        • Master of Applied Science in Humanitarian Health
        • Master of Applied Science in Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality
        • Master of Applied Science in Population Health Management
        • Master of Applied Science in Spatial Analysis for Public Health
      • Residency Programs
        • General Preventive Medicine Residency Program
        • Occupational and Environmental Medicine Residency
    • Certificates
      • Adolescent Health, Certificate
      • Bioethics, Certificate
      • Climate and Health, Certificate
      • Clinical Trials, Certificate
      • Community-​Based Public Health, Certificate
      • Demographic Methods, Certificate
      • Environmental and Occupational Health, Certificate
      • Epidemiology for Public Health Professionals, Certificate
      • Evaluation: International Health Programs, Certificate
      • Food Systems, the Environment &​ Public Health, Certificate
      • Gender and Health, Certificate
      • Gerontology, Certificate
      • Global Digital Health, Certificate
      • Global Health, Certificate
      • Global Health Practice, Certificate
      • Health and Human Rights, Certificate
      • Health Communication, Certificate
      • Health Disparities and Health Inequality, Certificate
      • Health Education, Certificate
      • Health Finance and Management, Certificate
      • Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Prevention and Control, Certificate
      • Humane Sciences and Toxicology Policy, Certificate
      • Humanitarian Health, Certificate
      • Implementation Science and Research Practice, Certificate
      • Injury and Violence Prevention, Certificate
      • International Healthcare Management and Leadership, Certificate
      • Leadership for Public Health and Healthcare, Certificate
      • Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Public Health, Certificate
      • Maternal and Child Health, Certificate
      • Mental Health Policy, Economics and Services, Certificate
      • Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Certificate
      • Population and Health, Certificate
      • Population Health Management, Certificate
      • Product Stewardship for Sustainability, Certificate
      • Public Health Advocacy, Certificate
      • Public Health Economics, Certificate
      • Public Health Informatics, Certificate
      • Public Health Practice, Certificate
      • Public Health Preparedness, Certificate
      • Public Health Training Certificate for American Indian Health Professionals
      • Public Mental Health Research, Certificate
      • Quality, Patient Safety, and Outcomes Research, Certificate
      • Quantitative Methods in Public Health, Certificate
      • Rigor, Reproducibility and Responsibility in Scientific Practice, Certificate
      • Risk Sciences and Public Policy, Certificate
      • Spatial Analysis for Public Health, Certificate
      • Training Certificate in Public Health
      • Tropical Medicine, Certificate
      • Vaccine Science and Policy, Certificate
    • Policies
      • Academic
        • Academic Ethics Code
        • Compliance Line
        • Grade Appeal Policy
        • Grading System
        • Graduation Policy
        • Interdivisional Registration
        • Multi-​Term Course Policy
        • Post-​Doctoral Fellow Student Status
        • Student Grievance Policy
        • Voluntary Leave of Absence Policy
      • Research
        • Animal Research
        • Human Subjects Research
        • Worker's Compensation
  • Carey Business School
    • Admission
      • Master’s Programs
      • Certificate Programs
      • Graduate Degree Requirements
      • International Student Admission Policy
      • Verification of Credentials
      • Other Admission Policies
    • Degrees and Certificates
      • Business Administration (Flexible), MBA
      • Business Administration (Full Time), MBA
      • Business Analytics and Risk Management (Part Time), Master of Science
      • Business Analytics and Risk Management, Master of Science
      • Design Leadership, MBA/​MA Dual Degree
      • Finance (Part Time), Master of Science
      • Finance, Master of Science
      • Financial Management, Graduate Certificate
      • Financial Management, Graduate Certificate, Investments, Graduate Certificate, Applied Economics, MS
      • Health Care Management (Part Time), Master of Science
      • Health Care Management, Master of Science
      • Information Systems, Master of Science
      • Investments, Graduate Certificate
      • Leadership Development Program, Graduate Certificate
      • Marketing (Part Time), Master of Science
      • Marketing, Master of Science
      • MBA/​Applied Economics, MS Dual Degree
      • MBA/​Biotechnology, MS Dual Degree
      • MBA/​Communication, MA Dual Degree
      • MBA/​DNP Dual Degree
      • MBA/​Government, MA Dual Degree
      • MBA/​Healthcare Organizational Leadership, MSN Dual Degree
      • MBA/​JD Dual Degree
      • MBA/​MA in International Relations
      • MBA/​MD Dual Degree
      • MBA/​MPH Dual Degree
      • Real Estate and Infrastructure (Part Time), Master of Science
      • Real Estate and Infrastructure, Master of Science
      • Business, Minor
    • Policies and Resources
      • Academic Calendar
      • Academic Ethics Policy
      • Academic Progress and Standards
      • Changing Degree Program
      • Grading Policy
      • Graduation
      • Attendance Policy
      • Leave of Absence
      • Registration
      • Student Accounts
      • Transfer of Graduate Credit
      • Waiver Exams
  • Peabody Institute
    • General Information, Procedures and Regulations
      • Introduction and Nomenclature
      • Mission
      • Accreditation
      • Links
      • Honor Societies
    • Procedural Information
      • Applicability
      • Studio Assignments
      • Course Numbering
      • Large Ensemble Participation
      • Competitions
      • Recitals
      • Academic Advising
      • Inter-​Institutional Academic Arrangements
      • Study Abroad Program
      • Outside Instruction and Public Performance
    • Academic Regulations
      • Applicability
      • Academic Code of Conduct
      • Program Classification, Status, and Credit Limits
      • Sources of Credit
      • Grading System and Regulations
      • Dean's List Criteria
      • Academic Standing
      • Registration Regulations
      • Attendance and Absences
      • Interruption of Degree Work
      • Graduation Eligibility
    • Degree and Diploma Programs
      • Bachelor of Fine Arts in Dance (BFA)
      • Bachelor of Music (BM)
        • Curricula
          • Bachelor of Music in Composition
          • Bachelor of Music in Jazz Performance
          • Bachelor of Music in Music Education
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education -​ Composition
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education-​ Guitar
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education -​ Jazz
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education -​ Orchestral Instruments
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education -​ Piano
            • Bachelor of Music in Music Education -​ Voice
          • Bachelor of Music in Music for New Media
          • Bachelor of Music in Performance
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Computer Music
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Guitar
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Harpsichord
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Historical Performance
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Orchestral Instruments
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Organ
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Piano
            • Bachelor of Music in Performance -​ Voice
          • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Composition
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Computer Music
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Guitar
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Jazz
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Orchestral Instruments
            • Bachelor of Music in Recording Arts &​ Sciences -​ Piano
        • Minors
          • Business of Music, Minor
          • Directed Studies, Minor
          • Historical Performance, Minor
          • Historical Performance: Voice, Minor
          • Liberal Arts, Minor
          • Music Theory, Minor
          • Musicology, Minor
        • Combined Degree Programs
          • Peabody-​Homewood Double Degree Program
        • Accelerated Graduate Degrees
          • Five-​Year BM/​MM Program
          • Five-​Year BMRA/​MA Program
            • Five-​Year BM/​MA: Music for New Media Variant
      • Master of Music (MM)
        • Master of Music in Composition
        • Master of Music in Film and Game Scoring
        • Master of Music: Performance
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Choral Conducting Specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Computer Music specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Guitar specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Harpsichord specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Historical Performance Instruments specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Historical Performance Voice specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Jazz specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Orchestral Conducting specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Orchestral Instruments specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Organ specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Piano specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Wind Conducting specialization
          • Master of Music, Performance -​ Voice specialization
        • Master of Music: Academic Majors
          • Performance, Master of Music -​ Pedagogy emphasis
          • Music Education, Master of Music
          • Musicology, Master of Music
          • Music Theory Pedagogy, Master of Music
        • Master of Music: Low Residency
      • Master of Arts (MA)
        • Audio Sciences: Acoustics, Master of Arts
          • Five-​Year BM/​MA Program Requirements: Acoustics
        • Audio Sciences: Recording Arts and Sciences, Master of Arts
          • Five-​Year BM/​MA Program Requirements: Recording Arts
      • Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA)
        • Composition, Doctor of Musical Arts
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Guitar specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Historical Performance Instruments specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Orchestral Conducting specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Orchestral Instruments specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Organ specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Piano specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Voice specialization
        • Performance, Doctor of Musical Arts -​ Wind Conducting specialization
      • Performer’s Certificate (PC)
        • Guitar, Performer's Certificate
        • Orchestral Instruments, Performer's Certificate
        • Organ, Performer's Certificate
        • Piano, Performer's Certificate
        • Voice, Performer's Certificate
      • Graduate Performance Diploma (GPD)
      • Artist’s Diploma (AD)
    • Extension Study
      • Music Education Certification -​ Instrumental
      • Music Education Certification -​ Vocal
  • Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
    • Degrees and Certificates
      • International Studies, Doctor of Philosophy
      • International Affairs, Doctor of
      • European Public Policy, Master of Arts
      • Global Policy, Master of Arts
      • Global Risk, Master of Arts (On-​site)
      • Global Risk, Master of Arts (Online)
      • International Affairs, Master of Arts
      • International Economics and Finance, Master of Arts
      • International Relations, Master of Arts
      • International Studies, Master of Arts
      • International Public Policy, Master of
      • Strategy, Cybersecurity, and Intelligence, Master of Arts
      • Sustainable Energy, Master of Arts (Online)
      • Chinese and American Studies, Hopkins-​Nanjing Center Certificate
      • Dual Degrees and Exchange Programs
      • Graduate Certificates
      • International Studies, Diploma
    • Policies and Resources
      • Academic Integrity
      • Academic Policies and Resources
      • Student Life
    • School Leadership and Key Contacts
  • School of Education
    • Academic and Student Policies
      • Academic and Student Conduct Policies
      • Academic Standards
      • Grading System and Academic Records
      • Grievances and Complaints
    • Admission
    • Graduation
    • Programs
      • Doctoral Programs
        • Education (Online), EdD
        • Education, PhD
      • Master's Programs
        • Counseling, Master of Science
        • Education, Master of Science
          • Education, Master of Science – Digital Age Learning and Educational Technology (Online)
          • Education, Master of Science -​ Educational Studies
          • Education, Master of Science -​ Gifted Education
          • Education, Master of Science -​ School Administration and Supervision
        • Education Policy, Master of Science
        • Health Professions (Online), Master of Education
        • Special Education, Master of Science
        • Teaching Professionals, Master of Education
      • Post Master's Certificates
        • Applied Behavior Analysis, Post–Master’s Certificate
        • Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Post–Master’s Certificate
        • Evidence-​Based Teaching in the Health Professions, Post–Master’s Certificate
      • Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study
        • Counseling, Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study
      • Graduate Certificates
        • Education of Students with Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Graduate Certificate
        • Educational Leadership for Independent Schools, Graduate Certificate
        • Gifted Education, Graduate Certificate
        • Leadership in Technology Integration (Online), Graduate Certificate
        • Mathematics/​STEM Instructional Leader (PreK-​6) (Online), Graduate Certificates
        • Mind, Brain and Teaching (Online), Graduate Certificate
        • School Administration and Supervision, Graduate Certificate
        • Urban Education, Graduate Certificate
    • Centers &​ Institutes
    • Scholarships
    • State Authorization of Distance Education (NC-​SARA)
  • School of Medicine
    • General Information
      • Conduct in Teacher/​Learner Relationships (Student Mistreatment Policy)
      • Lectureships and Visiting Professorships
      • Loan Funds
      • Medical Student Advising
      • Named Professorships
      • Office of Medical Student Affairs
      • Scholarships
      • Student Research Scholarships and Awards
      • Tuition
      • Tuition and Other Fees
      • Young Investigators’ Day
    • Policies
    • Graduate Programs
      • Anatomy Education, MS
      • Applied Health Sciences Informatics, MS
      • Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, PhD
      • Biological Chemistry, PhD
      • Biomedical Engineering, PhD
      • Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, PhD/​Molecular Biophysics, PhD
      • Cellular and Molecular Medicine, PhD
      • Cellular and Molecular Physiology, PhD
      • Clinical Anaplastology, MS
      • Clinical Informatics, Post-​Baccalaureate Certificate
      • Cross-​Disciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, PhD
      • Functional Anatomy and Evolution, PhD
      • Health Sciences Informatics, PhD
      • Health Sciences Informatics–Research, MS
      • History of Medicine, MA (On-​site)
      • History of Medicine, MA (Online)
      • History of Medicine, PhD
      • History of Medicine, Post-​Baccalaureate Certificate (Online)
      • Human Genetics and Genomics, PhD
      • Immunology, PhD
      • Medical and Biological Illustration, MA
      • Medical Physics, MS
      • Neuroscience, PhD
      • Pathobiology, PhD
      • Pharmacology, PhD
    • Medical Program
      • Doctor of Medicine, MD
      • MD-​PhD, Combined Degree
      • Subject Areas
        • Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
        • Biological Chemistry
        • Biomedical Engineering
        • Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry
        • Cell Biology
        • Department of Genetic Medicine
        • Dermatology
        • Emergency Medicine
        • Epidemiology
        • Functional Anatomy and Evolution
        • Gynecology and Obstetrics
        • Health Sciences Informatics
        • History of Medicine
        • Medicine
        • Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology
        • Molecular Biology and Genetics
        • Multi-​Department Courses
        • Neurology
        • Neuroscience
        • Oncology
        • Ophthalmology
        • Pathology
        • Pediatrics
        • Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences
        • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
        • Physiology
        • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
        • Public Health
        • Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences
        • Radiology and Radiological Science
        • Section of Surgical Sciences
    • Postdoctoral Fellows
  • School of Nursing
    • Admission
    • Advising
    • Certificates
      • Healthcare Organizational Leadership, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Nursing Education, Post-​Master's Certificate
      • Pediatric Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, Post-​Master's Certificate
      • Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Post-​Master's Certificate
    • Doctoral Degrees
      • Doctor of Nursing Practice, Advanced Practice Track
        • Adult-​Gerontological Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Adult-​Gerontological Critical Care Clinical Nurse Specialist, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Adult-​Gerontological Health Clinical Nurse Specialist, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Adult-​Gerontological Primary Care Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Family Primary Care Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Nurse Anesthesia, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Pediatric Critical Care Clinical Nurse Specialist, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Pediatric Dual Primary/​Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Pediatric Primary Care Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
        • Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, DNP Advanced Practice Track
      • Doctor of Nursing Practice: Executive Track
      • Nursing, Doctor of Philosophy
      • Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP): Advanced Practice Track/​Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD) Dual Degree
    • Dual Degrees
      • DNP Executive/​MBA Dual Degree
      • DNP Executive/​MPH Dual Degree
      • Healthcare Organizational Leadership, MSN/​MBA, Dual Degree
    • Financial Aid
    • Master's Degrees
      • Entry into Nursing, Master of Science in Nursing
      • Healthcare Organizational Leadership Track, Master of Science in Nursing
    • Online Prerequisites for Health Professions
    • Policies
      • Academic Integrity Policy
      • Academic Standards for Progression
      • Administrative Leave
      • Absence and Attendance Policy
      • Canvas and SON IT Help
      • Clinical Placements
      • Clinical Warnings
      • Complaint/​Grievance Policy
      • Compliance
      • Course Policies
      • Criminal Conduct/​Background Check Policies
      • Drug Testing Policy
      • Email Policy
      • Examination Policy
      • Grading Policy
      • Health Insurance for Students
      • Incomplete Coursework
      • Independent Study Policy
      • Leave of Absence
      • Letters of Recommendation
      • NCLEX
      • Non-​Degree-​Seeking Students
      • Notification of Missed Clinical Time
      • Pet Guidelines
      • Printing and Copying
      • Professional Attire Policy
      • Professional Ethics Policy
      • Registration Policies and Procedures
      • Religious Observance Attendance Policy
      • Social Media Guidelines
      • Student Code of Conduct
      • Technical Standards for Admission and Graduation
      • Transcripts and Enrollment Verifications
      • Transfer of Graduate Credit
      • Withdrawal Policy
    • Student Accounts
    • Tuition and Fees
  • Whiting School of Engineering
    • Full-​time, On-​campus Undergraduate and Graduate Programs (Homewood)
      • Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences &​ Whiting School of Engineering Full-​Time, On-​Campus Undergraduate and Graduate Policies
      • Departments, Program Requirements, and Courses
        • Applied Mathematics and Statistics
          • Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Bachelor of Science
          • Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Minor
          • Applied Mathematics and Statistics, PhD
          • Data Science, Master's Degree
          • Financial Mathematics, Master of Science in Engineering
        • Biomedical Engineering
          • Bioengineering Innovation and Design, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Biomedical Engineering, Bachelor of Arts
          • Biomedical Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Biomedical Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Biomedical Engineering, PhD through the School of Medicine
        • Center for Leadership Education
          • Accounting and Financial Management, Minor
          • Engineering Management, Master of Science
          • Global Innovation and Leadership Through Engineering, Master of Science
          • Leadership Studies, Minor
          • Marketing and Communications, Minor
          • Professional Communication Program
          • Professional Development Program
          • W.P. Carey Entrepreneurship and Management, Minor
        • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
          • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, PhD
        • Civil &​ Systems Engineering
          • Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Civil Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering (MSE)
          • Civil Engineering, Minor
          • Civil and Systems Engineering, PhD
          • Systems Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Systems Engineering, Master of Science
          • Systems Engineering, Minor
        • Computational Medicine
          • Computational Medicine, Minor
        • Computer Science
          • Computer Science, Bachelor of Arts
          • Computer Science, Bachelor of Science
          • Computer Science, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Computer Science, Minor
          • Computer Science, PhD
        • Doctor of Engineering
          • Engineering, Doctor of Engineering
        • Electrical and Computer Engineering
          • Computer Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Electrical and Computer Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Electrical and Computer Engineering, PhD
          • Electrical Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Energy, Minor
        • Environmental Health and Engineering
          • Engineering for Sustainable Development, Minor
          • Environmental Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Environmental Engineering, Minor
          • Environmental Sciences, Minor
          • Geography and Environmental Engineering, Master of Arts
          • Geography and Environmental Engineering, Master of Science
          • Geography and Environmental Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Geography and Environmental Engineering, PhD
          • Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Master of Science
        • General Engineering
          • General Engineering, Bachelor of Arts
        • Information Security Institute
          • Security Informatics, Master of Science
          • Security Informatics, Master of Science/​Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Master of Science in Engineering Dual Master's Program
          • Security Informatics, Master of Science/​Computer Science, Master of Science in Engineering Dual Master's Program
        • Materials Science and Engineering
          • Materials Science and Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Materials Science and Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Materials Science and Engineering, PhD
        • Mechanical Engineering
          • Engineering Mechanics, Bachelor of Science
          • Mechanical Engineering, Bachelor of Science
          • Mechanical Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Mechanical Engineering, PhD
        • NanoBioTechnology
        • Robotics and Computational Sensing
          • Computer Integrated Surgery, Minor
          • Robotics, Master of Science in Engineering
          • Robotics, Minor
      • Multi-​School Programs of Study
        • Business, Minor
        • Peabody-​Homewood Double Degree Program
        • Space Science and Engineering
    • Part-​Time, Online Graduate Programs (Engineering for Professionals)
      • Academic Policies
        • Academic Calendar
        • Academic Regulations
        • Registration Policies
        • Tuition and Fees
      • Admission Requirements
      • Applied and Computational Mathematics
        • Applied and Computational Mathematics, Graduate Certificate
        • Applied and Computational Mathematics, Master of Science
        • Applied and Computational Mathematics, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Applied Biomedical Engineering
        • Applied Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Certificate
        • Applied Biomedical Engineering, Master of Science
        • Applied Biomedical Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Applied Physics
        • Applied Physics, Master of Science
        • Applied Physics, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Artificial Intelligence
        • Artificial Intelligence, Graduate Certificate
        • Artificial Intelligence, Master of Science
      • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
        • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Master of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
      • Civil Engineering
        • Civil Engineering, Graduate Certificate
        • Civil Engineering, Master of Civil Engineering
      • Computer Science
        • Computer Science, Graduate Certificate
        • Computer Science, Master of Science
        • Computer Science, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Cybersecurity
        • Cybersecurity, Graduate Certificate
        • Cybersecurity, Master of Science
        • Cybersecurity, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Data Science
        • Data Science, Graduate Certificate
        • Data Science, Master of Science
        • Data Science, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Electrical and Computer Engineering
        • Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate Certificate
        • Electrical and Computer Engineering, Master of Science
        • Electrical and Computer Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Engineering Management
        • Engineering Management, Graduate Certificate
        • Engineering Management, Master of Engineering Management
      • Environmental Engineering, Science, Management, and Sustainability Programs
        • Climate Change, Energy, and Environmental Sustainability, Graduate Certificate
        • Climate, Energy, and Environmental Sustainability, Master of Science
        • Environmental Engineering
          • Environmental Engineering, Graduate Certificate
          • Environmental Engineering, Master of Environmental Engineering
          • Environmental Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
        • Environmental Engineering and Science
          • Environmental Engineering and Science, Graduate Certificate
          • Environmental Engineering and Science, Master of Science
          • Environmental Engineering and Science, Post-​Master’s Certificate
        • Environmental Planning and Management
          • Environmental Planning and Management, Graduate Certificate
          • Environmental Planning and Management, Master of Science
          • Environmental Planning and Management, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Financial Mathematics
        • Financial Mathematics, Master of Science
        • Financial Risk Management, Graduate Certificate
        • Quantitative Portfolio Management, Graduate Certificate
        • Securitization, Graduate Certificate
      • Healthcare Systems Engineering
        • Healthcare Systems Engineering, Master of Science
      • Industrial and Operations Engineering
        • Industrial and Operations Engineering, Master of Science
      • Information Systems Engineering
        • Information Systems Engineering, Graduate Certificate
        • Information Systems Engineering, Master of Science
        • Information Systems Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Materials Science and Engineering
        • Materials Science and Engineering, Master of Science
      • Mechanical Engineering
        • Mechanical Engineering, Master of Science
        • Mechanical Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
      • Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
        • Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Master of Science
      • Robotics and Autonomous Systems
        • Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Master of Science
      • Space Systems Engineering
        • Space Systems Engineering, Master of Science
        • Space Systems Engineering, Post-​Master's Certificate
      • Systems Engineering
        • Systems Engineering, Graduate Certificate
        • Systems Engineering, Master of Science
        • Systems Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering (ABET-​accredited)
        • Systems Engineering, Post-​Master’s Certificate
  • Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences
    • Full-​time, On-​campus Undergraduate and Graduate Programs (Homewood)
      • Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences &​ Whiting School of Engineering Full-​Time, On-​Campus Undergraduate and Graduate Policies
      • Departments, Program Requirements, and Courses
        • Anthropology
          • Anthropology, Bachelor of Arts
          • Anthropology, Minor
          • Anthropology, PhD
        • Archaeology
          • Archaeology, Bachelor of Arts
          • Archaeology, Minor
        • Behavioral Biology Program
          • Behavioral Biology, Bachelor of Arts
        • Bioethics
          • Bioethics, Minor
        • Biology
          • Biology, Bachelor of Arts
          • Biology, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Science
          • Biology, PhD
          • Molecular &​ Cellular Biology, Bachelor of Science/​Master of Science
          • Molecular and Cellular Biology, Bachelor of Science
        • Biophysics
          • Biophysics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Biophysics, Fifth-​Year Master’s Degree
          • Biophysics, PhD -​ Jenkins Biophysics Program
          • Biophysics, PhD -​ Program in Molecular Biophysics
        • Center for Africana Studies
          • Africana Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • Africana Studies, Minor
        • Center for Economy and Society
          • Moral and Political Economy, Bachelor of Arts
        • Center for Language Education
        • Chemical Biology
          • Chemical Biology, PhD
        • Chemistry
          • Chemistry, Bachelor of Science
          • Chemistry, PhD
        • Classics
          • Classics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Classics, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts
          • Classics, Minor
          • Classics, PhD
        • Cognitive Science
          • Cognitive Science, Bachelor of Arts
          • Cognitive Science, Master of Arts
          • Cognitive Science, PhD
          • Linguistics, Minor
        • Comparative Thought and Literature
          • Humanistic Studies, PhD
        • Earth and Planetary Sciences
          • Earth and Planetary Sciences, PhD
          • Earth and Planetary Sciences, Bachelor of Arts
          • Earth and Planetary Sciences, Minor
          • Energy, Minor
          • Environmental Science, Bachelor of Science
          • Environmental Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • Environmental Studies, Minor
        • East Asian Studies
          • East Asian Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • East Asian Studies, Minor
        • Economics
          • Economics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Economics, Minor
          • Economics, PhD
          • Financial Economics, Minor
        • English
          • English, Bachelor of Arts
          • English, Minor
          • English, PhD
        • Film and Media Studies
          • Film and Media Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • Film and Media Studies, Minor
        • History
          • History, Bachelor of Arts
          • History, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts Four-​Year Program
          • History, Minor
          • History, PhD
        • History of Art
          • History of Art, Bachelor of Arts
          • History of Art, Minor
          • History of Art, PhD
          • History of Art, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts
        • History of Science and Technology
          • History of Science and Technology, PhD
          • History of Science, Medicine and Technology, Minor
          • History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Bachelor of Arts
        • Interdisciplinary Studies
          • Interdisciplinary Studies, Bachelor of Arts
        • International Studies
          • International Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • International Studies B.A./​M.A. Program with Sciences Po
          • International Studies B.A./​M.A. Program with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)
        • Islamic Studies
          • Islamic Studies, Minor
        • Jewish Studies
          • Jewish Languages and Literatures, PhD
          • Jewish Studies, Minor
        • Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies (LACLxS)
          • Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies, Minor
        • Mathematics
          • Mathematics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Mathematics, Minor
          • Mathematics, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts
          • Mathematics, PhD
        • Medicine, Science, and the Humanities
          • Medicine, Science, and the Humanities, Bachelor of Arts
        • Military Science
        • Modern Languages and Literatures
          • Film and Media Studies, Graduate Certificate
          • French, Bachelor of Arts
          • French, Minor
          • French, PhD
          • German Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts
          • German, Bachelor of Arts
          • German, Minor
          • German, PhD
          • Italian, Bachelor of Arts
          • Italian, Minor
          • Italian, PhD
          • Romance Languages, Bachelor of Arts
          • Spanish, Bachelor of Arts
          • Spanish for the Professions, Minor
          • Spanish Language and Hispanic Cultures, Minor
          • Spanish, PhD
        • Museums and Society
          • Museums and Society, Minor
        • Music
          • Music, Minor
        • Natural Sciences Area Major
          • Natural Sciences Area, Bachelor of Arts
        • Near Eastern Studies
          • Near Eastern Studies, Bachelor of Arts
          • Near Eastern Studies, Minor
          • Near Eastern Studies, PhD
        • Neuroscience
          • Neuroscience, Bachelor of Science
          • Neuroscience, Bachelor of Science/​Master of Science
        • Philosophy
          • Philosophy, Bachelor of Arts
          • Philosophy, Bachelor of Arts/​Master of Arts
          • Philosophy, Minor
          • Philosophy, PhD
        • Physics and Astronomy
          • Astronomy and Astrophysics, PhD
          • Physics, Bachelor of Arts
          • Physics, Bachelor of Science
          • Physics, Bachelor of Science/​Master of Science
          • Physics, Minor
          • Physics, PhD
        • Political Science
          • Political Science, Bachelor of Arts
          • Political Science, PhD
        • Psychological and Brain Sciences
          • Psychology, Bachelor of Arts
          • Psychology, Minor
          • Psychology, PhD
        • Public Health Studies
          • Public Health Studies, Bachelor of Arts
        • SNF Agora Institute
          • Civic Life, Minor
        • Sociology
          • Sociology, Bachelor of Arts
          • Sociology, PhD
          • Sociology, PhD/​Applied Mathematics and Statistics, MSE Joint Program
        • Space Science and Engineering
          • Space Science and Engineering, Minor
        • Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality
          • Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Minor
        • Theatre Arts and Studies
          • Theatre Arts and Studies, Minor
        • Visual Arts
          • Visual Arts, Minor
        • Writing Seminars
          • Writing Seminars Minor
          • Writing Seminars, Bachelor of Arts
          • Writing Seminars, Master of Fine Arts
      • Multi-​School Programs of Study
    • Graduate and Professional Programs (Advanced Academic Programs)
      • About Krieger School of Arts and Sciences
      • Administration and Faculty
      • Admission
      • Alumni
      • Current Students
        • Academic Regulations for Online Courses
        • Academic Structure
        • Grades /​ Performance /​ Conduct
        • Graduation Requirements
        • Registration
        • Tuition and Fees
      • Programs
        • Applied Economics, Master of Science
          • Applied Economics, MS/​ Investment Certificate
          • Applied Economics, MS/​Financial Management Certificate
        • Applied Economics, MS/​MBA Dual Degree
        • Center for Data Analytics, Policy, and Government
          • Data Analytics and Policy, Master of Science
            • Data Analytics and Policy, MS/​Intelligence, Certificate
          • Data Analytics and Policy, Certificate
          • Geospatial Intelligence, Master of Science
          • Global Security Studies, Master of Arts
            • Global Security Studies, MA/​Intelligence, Certificate
          • Government, MA/​MBA
          • Government, Master of Arts
            • Government, MA/​Intelligence, Certificate
          • Intelligence Analysis, Master of Science
          • Intelligence, Certificate
          • Non-​Profit Management, Master of Arts
          • Non-​Profit Management, Certificate
          • Public Management, Master of Arts
            • Public Management, MA/​Data Analytics and Policy, Certificate
            • Public Management, MA/​Intelligence, Certificate
            • Public Management, MA/​Non-​Profit Management, Certificate
        • Center for Biotechnology Education
          • Bioinformatics, Master of Science
          • Biotechnology, Master of Science
          • Biotechnology, MS/​MBA
          • Biotechnology Education, Certificate
          • Biotechnology Enterprise, Certificate
          • Food Safety Regulation, Master of Science
          • Individualized Genomics and Health, Master of Science
          • Master of Biotechnology Enterprise and Entrepreneurship
          • Regenerative and Stem Cell Technologies, Master of Science
          • Regulatory Science, Master of Science
          • Sequence Analysis and Genomics, Post-​Master's Certificate
        • Communication, Master of Arts
          • Communication, Master of Arts/​MBA
          • Communication, Master of Arts/​Non-​Profit Management, Certificate
        • Cultural Heritage Management, Master of Arts
          • Cultural Heritage Management, MA/​Digital Curation, Certificate
          • Cultural Heritage Management, MA/​Non-​Profit Management, Certificate
        • Digital Curation, Certificate
        • Energy Policy and Climate, Master of Science
        • Environmental Sciences and Policy, Master of Science
          • Environmental Sciences and Policy, MS/​Geographic Information Systems, Certificate
        • Film and Media, Master of Arts
        • Financial Economics, Master of Science
        • Geographic Information Systems, Master of Science
          • Geographic Information Systems, Certificate
        • Master of Liberal Arts
        • Museum Studies, Master of Arts
          • Museum Studies, MA/​Digital Curation, Certificate
          • Museum Studies, MA/​Non-​Profit Management, Certificate
        • Organizational Leadership, Master of Science
        • Quantitative Methods in Applied Economics, Post-​Master’s Certificate
        • Research Administration, Master of Science
        • Science Writing, Master of Arts
          • Science Writing, Certificate
        • Teaching Writing, Master of Arts
          • Teaching Writing, Certificate
        • Writing, Master of Arts
  • Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences &​ Whiting School of Engineering Full-​Time, On-​Campus Undergraduate and Graduate Policies
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        • International Graduate Students
    • Undergraduate Policies
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  • Course Descriptions
    • AS.001 (AS First Year Seminars)
    • AS.004 (AS University Writing Program)
    • AS.010 (History of Art)
    • AS.020 (Biology)
    • AS.030 (Chemistry)
    • AS.040 (Classics)
    • AS.050 (Cognitive Science)
    • AS.060 (English)
    • AS.061 (Film and Media Studies)
    • AS.070 (Anthropology)
    • AS.080 (Neuroscience)
    • AS.100 (History)
    • AS.110 (Mathematics)
    • AS.130-​134 (Near Eastern Studies)
    • AS.136 (Archaeology)
    • AS.140 (History of Science, Medicine, and Technology)
    • AS.145 (Medicine, Science and the Humanities)
    • AS.150 (Philosophy)
    • AS.171-​173 (Physics &​ Astronomy)
    • AS.180 (Economics)
    • AS.190-​191 (Political Science)
    • AS.192 (International Studies)
    • AS.194 (Islamic Studies)
    • AS.196 (Agora Institute)
    • AS.197 (Economy and Society)
    • AS.200 (Psychological &​ Brain Sciences)
    • AS.210-​217 (Modern Languages &​ Literatures)
    • AS.220 (Writing Seminars)
    • AS.225 (Theatre Arts &​ Studies)
    • AS.230 (Sociology)
    • AS.250 (Biophysics)
    • AS.270-​271 (Earth &​ Planetary Sciences)
    • AS.280 (Public Health Studies)
    • AS.290 (Behavioral Biology)
    • AS.300 (Comparative Thought and Literature)
    • AS.310 (East Asian Studies)
    • AS.360 (Interdepartmental)
    • AS.361 (Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies)
    • AS.362 (Center for Africana Studies)
    • AS.363 (Study of Women, Gender, &​ Sexuality)
    • AS.370/​373/​375/​377-​381 (Center for Language Education)
    • AS.371 (Art)
    • AS.374 (Military Science)
    • AS.376 (Music)
    • AS.389 (Program in Museums and Society)
    • AS.410 ( Biotechnology)
    • AS.420 ( Environmental Sciences)
    • AS.425 ( Energy Policy and Climate)
    • AS.430 ( Geographic Information Systems)
    • AS.440 ( Applied Economics)
    • AS.450 ( Liberal Arts)
    • AS.455 ( Film and Media)
    • AS.460 ( Museum Studies)
    • AS.465 ( Cultural Heritage Management)
    • AS.470 ( Government)
    • AS.472 ( Geospatial Intelligence)
    • AS.475 ( Research Administration)
    • AS.480 ( Communication)
    • AS.485 ( Organizational Leadership)
    • AS.490 ( Writing)
    • AS.491 ( Science Writing)
    • AS.492 ( Teaching Writing)
    • AS.492 (Non-​Departmental)
    • AS.999 (AAP)
    • BU.001 (Graduate Business)
    • BU.001 (MBA)
    • BU.120 (Management)
    • BU.132 (Real Estate)
    • BU.210 (Finance)
    • BU.300 (Information Systems)
    • BU.410 (Marketing)
    • BU.510 (Quantitative Methods)
    • BU.550 (Business of Health)
    • BU.610 (Operations Management)
    • ED (Education)
    • EN.500 (General Engineering)
    • EN.501 (EN First Year Seminars)
    • EN.510 (Materials Science &​ Engineering)
    • EN.515 (Materials Science and Engineering)
    • EN.520 (Electrical &​ Computer Engineering)
    • EN.525 (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
    • EN.530 (Mechanical Engineering)
    • EN.535 (Mechanical Engineering)
    • EN.540 (Chemical &​ Biomolecular Engineering)
    • EN.545 (Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)
    • EN.553 (Applied Mathematics &​ Statistics)
    • EN.555 (Financial Mathematics)
    • EN.560 (Civil and Systems Engineering)
    • EN.565 (Civil Engineering)
    • EN.570 (Environmental Health and Engineering)
    • EN.575 (Environmental Engineering and Science)
    • EN.575 (Environmental Engineering)
    • EN.575 (Environmental Planning and Management)
    • EN.580 (Biomedical Engineering)
    • EN.585 (Applied Biomedical Engineering)
    • EN.595 (Engineering Management)
    • EN.601 (Computer Science)
    • EN.605 (Computer Science)
    • EN.615 (Applied Physics)
    • EN.620 (Robotics)
    • EN.625 (Applied and Computational Mathematics)
    • EN.635 (Information Systems Engineering)
    • EN.645 (Systems Engineering)
    • EN.650 (Information Security Institute)
    • EN.655 (Healthcare Systems Engineering)
    • EN.660-​663 (Center for Leadership Education)
    • EN.665 (Robotics and Autonomous Systems)
    • EN.670 (Institute for NanoBio Technology)
    • EN.675 (Space Systems Engineering)
    • EN.685 (Data Science)
    • EN.695 (Cybersecurity)
    • EN.700 (Doctor of Engineering)
    • EN.705 (Artificial Intelligence)
    • ME.100 (Biophsyics and Biophysical Chemistry)
    • ME.110 (Cell Biology)
    • ME.120 (Art as Applied to Medicine)
    • ME.130 (Functional Anatomy and Evolution)
    • ME.140 (Gynecology and Obstetrics)
    • ME.150 (The History of Medicine)
    • ME.200 (Neurology)
    • ME.210 (Biomedical Engineering)
    • ME.220 (Dermatology)
    • ME.250 (Medicine)
    • ME.250 (Health Sciences Informatics)
    • ME.260 (Molecular Biology and Genetics)
    • ME.280 (Ophthalmology)
    • ME.290 (Otolaryngology-​Head and Neck Surgery)
    • ME.300 (Pathology)
    • ME.320 (Pediatrics)
    • ME.330 (Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences)
    • ME.340 (Biological Chemistry)
    • ME.360 (Physiology)
    • ME.370 (Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences)
    • ME.380 (Surgery)
    • ME.381 (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery)
    • ME.390 (Neurological Surgery)
    • ME.400 (Orthopedic Surgery)
    • ME.420 (Radiology and Radiological Science)
    • ME.440 (Neuroscience)
    • ME.520 (Emergency Medicine)
    • ME.510 (Oncology Center)
    • ME.560 (Urology)
    • ME.570 (Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine)
    • ME.580 (Biomedical Engineering)
    • ME.600 (Health Sciences Informatics)
    • ME.680 (Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology)
    • ME.700 (Immunology)
    • ME.710 (Human Genetics)
    • ME.711 (Berman Bioethics Institute)
    • ME.716 (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
    • ME.717 (Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences)
    • ME.800 (Interdepartmental)
    • NR (Nursing)
    • PH.120 (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
    • PH.140 (Biostatistics)
    • PH.220 (International Health)
    • PH.260 (Molecular Microbiology and Immunology)
    • PH.300 (Health Policy and Management)
    • PH.330 (Mental Health)
    • PH.340 (Epidemiology)
    • PH.380 (Population Family and Reproductive Health)
    • PH.390 (Clinical Investigation)
    • PH.410 (Health Behavior and Society)
    • PH.550 (Extradepartmental Studies)
    • PH.600 (MAS-​Office)
    • PH.700 (Berman Institute)
    • PY.010 (Studio Lessons)
    • PY.113 (Recitals)
    • PY.123 (General Studies)
    • PY.123 (Professional Studies)
    • PY.250 (Humanities -​ Language)
    • PY.260 (Humanities -​ Liberal Arts)
    • PY.310 (Composition)
    • PY.320 (New Media)
    • PY.330 (Conducting)
    • PY.350 (Computer Music)
    • PY.380 (Historical Performance)
    • PY.410 (Brass)
    • PY.415 (Percussion)
    • PY.420 (Harp)
    • PY.425 (Strings)
    • PY.430 (Woodwinds)
    • PY.450 (Ensemble Arts)
    • PY.450 (Piano/​Keyboard)
    • PY.460 (Organ)
    • PY.470 (Guitar)
    • PY.510 (Music Education)
    • PY.520 (Pedagogy)
    • PY.530 (Voice)
    • PY.540 (Opera)
    • PY.550 (Recording Arts and Sciences)
    • PY.570 (Jazz)
    • PY.610 (Musicology)
    • PY.710 (Music Theory)
    • PY.715 (Music Theory -​ ET/​SS)
    • PY.715 (Music Theory -​ Keyboard Studies)
    • PY.800 (Dance)
    • PY.910 (Ensembles -​ Large)
    • PY.950 (Ensembles -​ Small/​Chamber)
    • SA.100 (Core Courses)
    • SA.310 (International Economics)
    • SA.500 (Development, Climate and Sustainability)
    • SA.501 (Technology and Innovation)
    • SA.502 (Security, Strategy and Statecraft)
    • SA.503 (Governance, Politics and Society)
    • SA.510 (International Economics and Finance)
    • SA.550 (Africa)
    • SA.551 (The Americas)
    • SA.552 (Asia)
    • SA.553 (China)
    • SA.554 (Europe and Eurasia)
    • SA.555 (The Middle East)
    • SA.556 (The United States)
    • SA.620 (Global Policy)
    • SA.630/​635 (Global Risk)
    • SA.670 (Strategy, Cybersecurity and Intelligence)
    • SA.685 (Sustainable Energy -​ Online)
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  • Economics
  • Overview
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Department website: http://www.econ.jhu.edu/

The Department of Economics offers programs designed to improve the understanding of important economic problems and to provide the tools needed for the critical analysis of these problems and for dealing with them in practice.

On the undergraduate level, the department provides both for those who want to become professional economists and for those interested in a specialty related to economics, such as business, law, government, history, health care management, or environmental engineering. Still other students are simply interested in improving their understanding of society or making informed assessments of economic policies as citizens or making wise decisions about personal finances.

On the graduate level, the department provides advanced training for students preparing for careers as professional economists. The program encompasses such fields as macroeconomics, microeconomic theory, econometrics, labor economics, international economics, industrial organization, economic development, and finance, with an emphasis on the application of economic theory and quantitative methods. Because of the small number of graduate students admitted, they can work closely with faculty in graduate courses and seminars, and have easy and informal access to faculty members. Aside from traditional coursework, research, and special lectures, the department holds three weekly seminars to encourage collaboration and communication in different areas of economics. The seminars attract top scholars from throughout the world to discuss their work and also provide a forum for faculty and graduate students to present their recent research. The department also hosts two annual lecture series, the Johns Hopkins Distinguished Lectures in Economics and the Newcomb Lectures that invite reputed economists or scholars in related fields as guest speakers.

Carl Christ Fellowship

In the academic year 1989–90, the department established the Carl Christ Fellowship fund to honor one of its faculty members for his distinguished service and achievements. The proceeds of the fund are used to support outstanding graduate students at the dissertation stage of their research.

For further information about graduate study in economics, contact graduate admissions, Department of Economics at econadmissions@jhu.edu.

Center for Financial Economics (CFE)

Founded in 2008 and housed in the Economics Department in the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins, the Center for Financial Economics blends the study of finance and economics, providing in-depth training and cutting-edge research in both. The dual research and teaching missions of the Center are premised on the belief that a deep understanding of modern economies requires an integrated treatment of finance and the broader economic forces driving economic progress. 

The CFE offers an undergraduate minor, producing expertise in finance within the context of a top-notch liberal arts education. The minor will equip students with a thorough foundation in the workings of financial markets and their role in the broader economy, providing a foundation for careers in finance, business, academics, and government. 

Programs

  • Economics, Bachelor of Arts
  • Economics, Minor
  • Economics, PhD
  • Financial Economics, Minor

For current course information and registration go to https://sis.jhu.edu/classes/

Courses

On This Page
    • First Year Seminars
    • Cross Listed Courses
      • Asia
      • Center for Economy and Society
      • China
      • Development, Climate, and Sustainability
      • First Year Seminars
      • Governance, Politics and Society
      • Interdepartmental
      • International Studies
      • The Americas
AS.180.101.  Elements of Macroeconomics.  3 Credits.  

An introduction to the economic system and economic analysis, with emphasis on total national income and output, employment, the price level and inflation, money, the government budget, the national debt, and interest rates. The role of public policy. Applications of economic analysis to government and personal decisions. Prerequisite: basic facility with graphs and algebra.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.102.  Elements of Microeconomics.  3 Credits.  

An introduction to the economic system and economic analysis with emphasis on demand and supply, relative prices, the allocation of resources, and the distribution of goods and services, theory of consumer behavior, theory of the firm, and competition and monopoly, including the application of microeconomic analysis to contemporary problems.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

AS.180.203.  Faculty Research in Economics.  1 Credit.  

This course will consist of a series of informal lectures by various professors in the Department of Economics. Each lecture will consist of a description of a professional research project which he/she has undertaken over the course of his/her professional career.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 and AS.180.102, both may be taken concurrently.

AS.180.210.  Migrating to Opportunity? Economic Evidence from East Asia, the U.S. and the EU.  3 Credits.  

Increased mobility of people across national borders, whether by choice or by force, has become an integral part of the modern world. Using a comparative perspective and an applied economics approach, the course explores the economic and political determinants, and (likely) consequences of migration flows for East Asia, the US and the EU. Lectures, assignments and in class discussions, will be built around the following topics: i) migrants’ self-selection; ii) human capital investment decision-making; iii) remittance decisions and effects; iv) impacts on labor markets of both receiving and sending countries; and v) the economic benefits from immigration. Overall, the course will give students perspective on the why people choose or feel compelled to leave their countries, how receiving countries respond to migrants’ presence, and the key economic policy concerns that are influencing the shaping of immigration policy in East Asia, the US, and the EU.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.214.  The Economic Experience of the BRIC Countries.  3 Credits.  

In 2001, Jim O’Neill, the Chief Economist at Goldman Sachs, coined the acronym BRIC to identify the four large emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, India and China. These economies had an amazing run for the next decade, and emerged as the biggest and fastest growing emerging markets. However, since 2014 there has been some divergence in the BRICs’ economic performance. In this course, we look at the economic experiences of the BRIC countries for the past several decades. We discuss the reasons that contributed to their exceptional growth rates, with particular emphasis on their transformation into market economies, and the reasons for their eventual divergence. We also analyze some of the challenges that these countries continue to face in their development process.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Culture and Aesthetics (FA3), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.217.  Game Theory in Social Sciences.  3 Credits.  

Game Theory is the study of multiple person decision problems in which the well-being of a decision maker depends not only on his own actions but also on those of others. Such problems arise frequently in economics, political science, business, military science and many other areas. In this course, we will learn how to model different social situations as games and how to use solution concepts to understand players' behavior. We will consider various examples from different fields and will play several games in class. The emphasis of the class is on the conceptual analysis and applications and we will keep the level of mathematical technicalities at the minimum -- high school algebra and one term of calculus will be sufficient. Students who took AS.180.117 are not eligible to take AS.180.217.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not have previously taken AS.180.117.;AS.180.102 or instructor permission

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.221.  The Informal Economy: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why We Care About It..  3 Credits.  

The informal economy is one of the most complex economic and political phenomena of our time. It exists in rich and poor countries alike, currently employs almost half of the world’s workers, about 1.8 billion people, and totals to economic activity of around $10 trillion. If the informal economy were an independent nation, it would be the second-largest economy in the world, after the United States and before China. In today’s globalizing environment, are informal economies a poverty trap or an engine of growth? Do they stimulate entrepreneurship and popular empowerment, or promote exploitation? How does an improved understanding of the size and organization of informal economies affect service provision, social policy or taxation? What are the implications of the informal economy for social cohesion and popular politics? The proposed course will address these (as well as other) questions related to the informal economy to offer students an understanding of such complex phenomenon from a variety of perspectives. The course will comprise three parts. Part 1 will explore the complexities of the informal economy, and the effects of informality on policies of inclusive growth. Part 2 will draw on empirical evidence and comparative case studies to examine informal economies in various regions, including Africa, East Asia, North and South America, and Europe, highlighting variations in activities, relations with the state, global integration and economic outcomes. Finally, Part 3 will discuss the ongoing economic policy shift from punitive measures to accepting informality as a virtual space through which citizens flow from job-seeker to compliant entrepreneurs.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Citizens and Society (FA4), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

AS.180.223.  Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa.  3 Credits.  

Many sub-Saharan African countries are among the least developed countries in the world. In this course, we explore the economic development experiences of African countries, with more focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The course starts with a historical perspective, delves into development strategies, and examines evidence on successes and failures of some case study countries. We conclude by analyzing the many challenges that these countries continue to face in their development process. Elements of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are required prerequisites. There would be group presentations on assigned readings.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

AS.180.229.  Economics of Health and Education in South Asia.  3 Credits.  

Human capital is an important factor of economic growth in South Asian economies, along with physical capital and technology. Addressing health and education challenges has implications for improving a country’s human capital formation and income growth. In this course, we look at past and present health and educational outcomes in South Asian Countries. We discuss the gaps in access to education and health care services, the quality of education and health care services as well as the impacts on the productivity of the labor force. We also empirically analyze the link between economic growth and human capital development. Furthermore, we focus on some challenges and future policy options for economies in South Asia.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.231.  Debates in Macroeconomics.  3 Credits.  

This course covers some of the more contentious current debates in macroeconomics. Topics include: recent fiscal policy (did the 2021 stimulus overdo it? did workers benefit from the 2017 cut in the corporate tax?); unconventional monetary policies (have they helped?); modern monetary theory (sound doctrine or hokum?); why did interest rates trend lower for decades? backlash against globalization (warranted? unprecedented?); immigration (economic bane or boon?); rising income inequality (causes? consequences? pervasiveness?); has competition waned in US markets? Students will use the tools of economics to analyze these and other pressing issues. Though definitive answers may prove elusive, sound economic analysis can shed considerable light, not least by unmasking the political biases that often drive protagonists on both sides of these debates.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.233.  Economics of Transition and Institutional Change.  3 Credits.  

This course will introduce students to the comparative analysis of institutions of existing capitalist systems and to the historical evolution of those institutions. By comparing the economic systems of different nations, we will try to reveal the institutional setups that either contribute or hinder economic performance. We will also examine the process of countries transforming their economies and investigate the factors that determine the differences in reforms’ outcomes between countries.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.238.  Rethinking Economics After the Great Recession.  3 Credits.  

The financial crisis that began in the United States in 2007 threw virtually the entire world into recession. This class will look at the causes of the crisis and at how it unfolded. It will look into the conventional wisdom of economists, circa 2006, and why that wisdom proved to be so wrong. It will examine the financial innovations that contributed to the crisis, at the reasons financial regulators were blindsided, and at the reforms enacted after the crisis.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.239.  Urban Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course introduces students to the major ideas of modern urban economics focused on the causes and consequences of urban economic growth, urban poverty and a city's quality of life. We will analyze basic questions such as; Why is Silicon Valley in Silicon Valley? Why did Beijing become so polluted? Why is crime high in Baltimore? Why does rich San Francisco face a homelessness challenge? The role of federal, state, and local government in urban life will be explored.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.241.  International Trade.  3 Credits.  

Theory of comparative advantage and the international division of labor: the determinants and pattern of trade, factor price equalization, factor mobility, gains from trade and distribution of income, and theory and practice or tariffs and other trade restrictions. Recommended Course Background: AS.180.101.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.242.  International Monetary Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course presents International Monetary Economics theory and applies it towards gaining an understanding of recent events and current policy issues. The theory presented in this course covers a broad range of topics including exchange rate determination, monetary and fiscal policy in an open economy, balance of payments crisis, the choice of exchange rate, and international debt. The insights provided by these theoretical frameworks will enable us to discuss topics such as the global financial crisis, global financial imbalances, the Chinese exchange rate regime, and proposed changes in the international financial architecture.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.244.  Market Design.  3 Credits.  

We will study how the rules of a market impact behavior, and in turn whether this behavior leads to (un)desirable outcomes. We will cover how the lessons learned from both successful and failing markets have been used by economists to design new markets.It will help us address questions such as:(i) Can economics help with the shortage of donated kidneys? (ii) How should a ride share service assign cars to clients?(iii) Can changing the way school seats are assigned change the welfare of students in a city?The material is intended to be as accessible as possible, keeping the mathematical technicalities to a minimum (i.e. one-term of calculus would be sufficient).

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.246.  Environmental Economics.  3 Credits.  

In this course we will study the role of the government in the regulation of the environment. In the first half of the course we will take a broad overview of environmental economics. We will focus on evaluating the effectiveness and trade-offs associated with various tools used to regulate the environment, covering topics related to market failures, pollution regulation, and regulation under uncertainty. In the second half of the course, we take a more applied approach and consider topics related to particular environmental issues including climate change, study the functioning of particular industries such as energy and electricity, and consider challenges to regulation such as enforcement, international borders, and unknown control costs.

Prerequisite(s): (AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102) AND (AS.110.106 OR AS.110.108 OR AS.110.113).

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.248.  Financial Writing and Analysis.  3 Credits.  

There is an immense chasm between economic and financial commentary in academic discussions and that provided by private sector analysts and the press. Some of the difference is merely semantic, but much of the difference has real substance. Academic and nonacademic commentators tend to simply write off the other as being clueless in some way. Sorting out which bits of each style of analysis are most valuable and synthesizing them into a coherent commentary is a rare and valuable skill. This is a hands-on course with a goal of building skills reading and writing commentary in financial economics. The course begins critically studying commentary regarding prominent topics in the news over the recent months and then moves to writing "explainer" pieces for publication on the Center for Financial Economics blog. Students will work in teams both analyzing commentary, and writing and critiquing the work of fellow students.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.249.  Gender Economics.  3 Credits.  

"We've begun to raise daughters more like sons... but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters." ? Gloria Steinem This course aims to explore the differences in economic outcomes observed among women and men. We will study those differences in earnings, income, asset ownership, hours of work, unpaid work, poverty, and the allocation of resources within the household. The course explores the gender dimensions of paid labor and how gender roles in unpaid work and in caring labor impact how men and women participate in the formal and informal economy. It will evaluate women’s perspectives and experiences in the United States and around the world.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.252.  Economics of Discrimination.  3 Credits.  

This course examines labor market discrimination by gender, race and ethnicity in the United States. What does the empirical evidence show, and how can we explain it? How much of the difference in observed outcomes is driven by differences in productivity characteristics and how much is due to discrimination? How have economists theorized about discrimination and what methodologies can be employed to test those theories? What has been the impact of public policy in this area; how do large corporations and educational institutions respond; and what can we learn from landmark lawsuits? The course will reinforce skills relevant to all fields of applied economics, including critical evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, the reasoned application of statistical techniques, and analysis of current policy issues.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.260.  Real Estate Economics and Finance.  3 Credits.  

An introduction to the economic analysis of real estate markets. Various perspectives will be considered, including individual homeowners and renters, investors and financiers, and policymakers. Topics include the determinants of property valuations, financing considerations, real estate development, and analysis of real estate as an investment class. The course qualifies as an elective for the Financial Economics Minor.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.261.  Monetary Analysis.  3 Credits.  

This course analyzes the financial and monetary system of the U.S. economy and the design and implementation of U.S. monetary policy. Among other topics, we will examine the role of banks in the economy, the term structure of interest rates, the stock market, the supply of money, the role of the Federal Reserve in the economy, the objectives of monetary policy in the United States and current monetary policy practice.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.263.  Corporate Finance.  3 Credits.  

This course is an introduction to the financial management of a corporation. Students study the following broad questions. How should a firm decide whether to invest in a new project? How much debt and equity should a firm use to finance its activities? How should a firm pay its investors? How do taxes affect a firm’s investment and financing decisions? What determines the value of a firm? The emphasis throughout the course is on the economic principles that underlie answers to these questions.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.266.  Financial Markets and Institutions.  3 Credits.  

Understanding design and functioning of financial markets and institutions, connecting theoretical foundations and real-world applications and cases. Basic principles of asymmetric information problems, management of risk. Money, bond, and equity markets; investment banking, security brokers, and venture capital firms; structure, competition, and regulation of commercial banks. Importance of electronic technology on financial systems.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.277.  Economic Activity in the Black Community.  3 Credits.  

This course uses the study of economic concepts and dynamics to increase our understanding of the activity and issues that arise in the urban Black Community. If you take this course, you will learn about the correlation of education, employment opportunities, and health to the economics of an area. While doing this, you will expand your understanding of economic theory to learn how the theoretical concepts and models can be applied to Black Communities. We will begin with African Americans in slavery in the United States and examine their economic contributions. We will move through history to present day to address issues and problems like: Why are many low-income level communities populated with large numbers of African Americans? What are the particular characteristics of those neighborhoods? Where do we generally find these types of neighborhoods? Learning and using the tools of GIS, students will map issues of importance by the neighborhood to show the relationship of economic activity in the Black Community to other communities.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.280.  The History and Future of the Hedge Fund Industry.  3 Credits.  

The precursors to modern hedge funds began more than 50 years ago, but in the 1990s the hedge fund, or alternative investments, industry began a period of rapid growth and evolution. With growth came controversy. Some argue that hedge funds, by allowing immense amounts of capital to be rapidly and freely deployed, play a vital role in pushing prices toward the efficient markets ideal. Others claim that hedge funds may accentuate speculative price dynamics, threatening the stability of the financial sector. While many hedge funds claim to offer outstanding returns to investors, data suggest that many clients end up paying high fees for unspectacular results. This course examines these and other controversies, while tracing the history of the alternative investments industry over the last 25 years.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102 AND (AS.180.266 OR AS.180.263 OR AS.180.367)

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Citizens and Society (FA4), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

AS.180.285.  Information and Investing Seminar.  3 Credits.  

The course will seek to discuss and illuminate the information (news reports, industry reports, government statistics, and proprietary indicators) that investors use to make investment decisions.The course will be conducted in the framework of a weekly investment committee format wherein information is processed to maximize an investment portfolio’s return to risk.Each class will be conducted in two parts. The first part will require students to share with the class information gathered from their assigned specialty (e.g.: fixed income, equities, emerging markets, commodities) and the second part will require group interaction as to what decisions need to be made to a hypothetical portfolio in order to maximize objectives.The course will require regular reading of financial and economic news as well as numerous assigned industry and academic research related to global finance.Other: this course will require quite a bit of reading and regular interaction in group discussion and with the instructor.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.280 or permission of instructor Kevin Heerdt or Robert Barbera

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.289.  Economics Of Health.  3 Credits.  

Application of economic concepts and analysis to the health services system. Review of empirical studies of demand for health services, behavior of providers, and relationship of health services to population health levels. Discussion of current policy issues relating to financing and resource allocation.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.301.  Microeconomic Theory.  4 Credits.  

An introduction to the modern theory of allocation of resources, starting with the theories of the individual consumer and producer, and proceeding to analysis of systems of interacting individuals, first in the theory of exchange, then to systems which include production as well. A grade of C or higher is recommended in Elements of Micro (AS 180.102) and Elements of Macro (AS 180.101) to take this course.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102 AND (AS.110.106 OR AS.110.107 OR AS.110.108 OR AS.110.109) OR equivalent.;AS.180.101 may be taken concurrently.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.302.  Macroeconomic Theory.  4 Credits.  

The course provides a treatment of macroeconomic theory including a static analysis of the determination of output, employment, the price level, the rate of interest, and a dynamic analysis of growth, inflation, and business cycles. In addition, the use and effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy to bring about full employment, price stability, and steady economic growth will be discussed. A grade of C or higher is recommended in Elements of Micro (AS 180.102) and Elements of Macro (AS 180.101) to take this course.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 and (AS.110.106 or AS.110.107 or AS.110.108 or AS.110.109);AS.180.102 can be taken at the same time as AS.180.302.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.303.  Topics in International Macroeconomics and Finance.  3 Credits.  

The course will review selected topics in international macroeconomics and finance. The topics include: financial globalization; international portfolio diversification; capital account liberalization and the choice of the exchange rate regime in emerging markets. The analysis will be motivated by current policy issues but will also be based on mathematical models of the international economy.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102 AND AS.180.302

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.309.  Economics of Uncertainty and Information.  3 Credits.  

In this course we'll discuss the theory of decision making in the face of risk, the theory of risk aversion and its applications to financial and insurance markets. Building on the theory of individual decision making under risk, we will study the economic implications of asymmetric information, the type of market failures produced by adverse selection and moral hazard problems, and the models that were advanced to analyze these problems, including incentive contracts, screening and signaling equilibria.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.310.  Economics Of Antitrust.  3 Credits.  

This course explores the economic rationale for, and consequence of, antitrust laws. In addition to economic analysis we will study landmark antitrust cases.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.311.  Demystifying Alternative Investments.  3 Credits.  

An introduction to alternative investments taught by a hedge fund industry professional. This course will explore alternative asset classes including hedge funds, private equity, and real assets. Students will investigate the relationship between investment managers, institutional capital allocators, and the banking system. The class will examine the role alternative assets play in an institutional portfolio. Select JHU alumni and institutional investors will share firsthand insight throughout the semester.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.313.  Topics at the Cutting Edge of Finance.  3 Credits.  

This course will explore topics raised by the world's rapidly changing financial arrangements. Topics will include the following. Cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance: game changers or economic aberrations? Artificial intelligence in finance: Game changer for good and for ill. Central bank digital currencies: Do we need one? Don’t we already have one? Passive investing and meme stocks: implications of broad public involvement in equity markets. Financial stability and innovation: inherent conflict and how to manage it.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102;AS.180.301 can be taken prior to or at the same time as AS.180.313.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.314.  Mathematical Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course traces the extent to which modern economic theory, particularly as it pertains to pure competition in market and non-market games under the rationality postulate.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Quantitative and Mathematical Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.327.  Economics of Matching Markets.  3 Credits.  

Matching markets are those markets where the identities or characteristics of the agents engaged in a transaction matter, not only the price. In fact, no monetary transactions may happen at all. Examples include donated organ allocation, school choice, refugee resettlement, among others. Although the mathematical pre-requisites are low, emphasis is given to proofs; thus, some degree of mathematical/logical maturity is assumed. Evaluation consists of problem sets, presenting a summary of an academic paper in-class, and a final paper (either original research or critical literature review).

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102;AS.180.244 AND AS.180.301 may be taken at the same time as AS.180.327.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.332.  Debt Crises and Financial Crises.  3 Credits.  

This course will provide students with the theoretical tools and historical context to understand financial crises and debt crises. We will review famous examples, such as the banking panics of the Great Depression and the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crises, and use economic theory to understand how and why crises happen, as well as how policies can be designed to prevent them or mitigate their effects. Topics to be covered include banking crises, currency crises, sovereign debt crises, private debt crises, panics, and the relationships between them.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.102 AND AS.180.302

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.333.  Advanced Health Economics & Policy.  3 Credits.  

This course covers economic models to understand the determinants of health, the demand for health services, the market supply of health services in competitive and non-competitive markets, the provision of health insurance, access to prescription drugs, and the process of innovation and diffusion in health. It exposes the students to the main market failures in healthcare as well as analyzes health policy options to solve these market shortcomings. The course provides an overview of recent advances in the field of health economics in the areas of research methods, data analysis, and well-establish findings while including the discussion of unsolved issues in the field. Recommended background: AS.180.289

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.334.  Econometrics.  3 Credits.  

Introduction to the methods of estimation in economic research. The course begins with a review of basic statistics. This is followed by developing the primary method employed in economic research, the method of least squares, and an investigation of the performance of this method in a variety of important situations. The course considers a way to handle many of the situations in which ordinary least squares is not useful, the method of instrumental variables. The modeling of economic time series, binary dependent variables, panel data and differences in differences are all also considered. Applications are intended to showcase how the tools of econometrics can be brought to bear on important policy questions.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 may be taken concurrently.;(AS.110.106 OR AS.110.108 OR AS.110.113) AND (AS.280.345 OR EN.553.211 OR EN.553.111 OR EN.553.310 OR EN.553.311 OR EN.553.420 OR EN.553.112 OR EN.540.382)

Distribution Area: Quantitative and Mathematical Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.336.  Macroeconomic Strategies.  3 Credits.  

Will sketch out a strategy for anticipating economic turning points. Business cycle basics,monetary policy/financial market/real economy interactions will be reviewed. Long-term growth issues will be explored.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102 AND AS.180.302 or instructor permission.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.338.  Political Economy and Development.  3 Credits.  

Good governance is associated with desirable outcomes across countries and societies: higher life satisfaction, greater income per capita, lower child mortality, longer life expectancy, less disease, etc. But these statistical associations in the data are not sufficient to establish either that good governance truly causes such societal outcomes, or what types of policies produce them. This course asks: What are the determinants of good governance? Is good governance "good" beyond its intrinsic desirability? If so, how? We use a data-driven approach, focusing on quantitative empirical methods and their applications to policy. The goal is to develop skills to be savvy consumers, as well as producers, of policy-relevant evidence related to issues of governance, in rich and poor countries alike. Topics will include: democracy, corruption, conflict, culture, mass media, quotas, and foreign aid.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 AND AS.180.334

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.345.  Rationality: Meaning and Measurement.  3 Credits.  

Economists generally work with a number of classic models of how people behave in different contexts. These models (such as utility maximization and expected utility maximization) are widely used because they are tractable and elegant, but are they also accurate models of human behavior? In this course, we examine the axiomatic foundations of these models, explore their implications for choice behavior, and discuss the empirical and experimental strategies economists have developed to test these models. The course would require you to solve mathematical problems; knowledge of mathematics up to the level of multi-variate calculus would be very helpful.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.347.  On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes.  3 Credits.  

This course charts a narrative for the evolution of macroeconomics from its very initiation to its present formulation in a way that is sensitive to issues of principle and of policy, and without becoming totally subservient to the disciplinary boundaries within which the problems are formulated and studied. Rather than macroeconomics as a subject that takes its shape in current conventional texts, the focus of the course shall be how it got there. As such, it touches on the development of ideas and intellectual history. The course will be mathematically self-contained but will pre-suppose conceptual sophistication that one expects after completion of courses in micro and macroeconomics at the intermediate level. The course is open to students in the sister-disciplines in anthropology, political science, and sociology, but it would be advisable for interested students in these departments to talk to the instructors.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.302

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.349.  Economics of Race, Gender and Culture.  3 Credits.  

This course will overview popular causal inference methods and their applications in the economics of race, gender, and culture. For each causal inference method, the class will cover the econometric theory and how to implement the method in the STATA program. Students will solve many STATA exercises in class, so they must bring a laptop to those classes. Next, we will discuss papers that used the method to answer a research question about race, gender, and culture. The topics to cover include how to show there is racial/gender discrimination and how preference is formed.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102 AND AS.180.301;AS.180.334 can be taken prior to enrolling in, or at the same time as AS.180.349.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.351.  Labor Economics.  3 Credits.  

The course discusses various issues in labor markets from the perspective of economic theory. We first study the major forces at work that shape labor market behavior; firms’ labor demand and workers’ labor supply. Then we discuss the equilibrium behavior of employment and wages. Using these tools, we also cover various applied topics in labor economics, such as minimum wage regulations, male-female wage differentials, human capital investment, worker mobility, and unemployment.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.352.  Public Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course explores issues related to expenditure and tax policies of governments, as well as views regarding the purpose of government and criteria for evaluating government actions. The course also includes a discussion of how group or collective choices are made within society, how environmental policies affect the level of pollution, and the importance of public debt.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.355.  Economics of Poverty/Inequality.  3 Credits.  

This course focuses on the economics of poverty and inequality. It covers the measurement of poverty and inequality, facts and trends over time, the causes of poverty and inequality with a focus on those related to earnings and the labor market, and public policy toward poverty and inequality, covering both taxation and government expenditure and programs. By the nature of the material, the course is fairly statistical and quantitative. Students should have an intermediate understanding of microeconomic concepts. Basic knowledge of regression analysis is also helpful.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 AND AS.180.334

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

AS.180.361.  Rich Countries, Poor Countries.  3 Credits.  

Why are some countries rich while some other countries poor? Why does a country’s income per person generally grow over time? We try to analyze these questions using the theoretical and empirical growth literature. We will study seminal growth models, and also try to explain cross-country income differences in terms of factors like geography, institutions and global integration. Knowledge of regression analysis (including instrumental variables estimation) is required.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.302 AND AS.180.334

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1)

AS.180.363.  Sex, Drugs and Dynamic Optimization: The Economics of Risky Behavior.  3 Credits.  

We apply the tools of economic analysis to understand behaviors that are enjoyable today, but may have negative consequences in the future.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 AND AS.180.302;AS.180.334 can be taken concurrently.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.365.  Topics in Macroeconomics.  3 Credits.  

This course builds on AS.180.302 (Macroeconomic Theory) to consider the leading macroeconomic controversies of today (such as the appropriate monetary and fiscal policies of the Federal Reserve and U.S. Government). The classes will include frequent student presentations.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.302

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Citizens and Society (FA4)

AS.180.367.  Investment-Portfolio Management.  3 Credits.  

Investment securities and their markets, especially the stock market. The relations between expected return and risk. The determination of security prices. Financial portfolio selection. The assessment of the performance of managed portfolios.

Prerequisite(s): (AS.180.301 OR AS.180.334) AND ( EN.553.111 OR EN.553.112 OR EN.553.211 OR EN.553.310 OR EN.553.311 OR EN.553.420 OR EN.553.430).

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.368.  Managerial Economics and Business Strategy.  3 Credits.  

Seminar on quantitative concepts, decision-making, and strategy in business organizations. Overall context is ‘value’ – how it is measured and maximized long term. Microeconomic theory of the firm, competitive analysis, corporate finance.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 AND (EN.553.111 OR AS.180.367 OR AS.180.263 ) or permission of the instructor.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.369.  Tools for Writing a Research Paper in Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course will introduce students to the components involved in writing a research paper in economics or other quantitative disciplines, by spending the semester having them writing such a paper. Early in the semester, each student will pick a topic for their paper, which will consist just of a brief description of the question (probably a topic they have studied in a previous course). As the semester progresses, the student will learn how to flesh out this germ of a topic into a full-length paper using many of the internet and other tools that are used by scholars in their own research. These include tools for exploring a topic (Google Scholar; ChatGPT; Wikipedia); compiling a bibliography of references to your subject (LitMaps; PaperPile); creating a document with appropriate content (Jupyter notebooks); project management and collaboration via GitHub; generation and incorporation of figures and tables; and the preparation of slide presentations. This will be a hands-on course: Students will bring their laptops to the lecture and the use of the tools will be taught live and interactively. Writing assignments will take the form of Jupyter notebooks (or, for any graduate student enrollees, LaTeX documents). Recommended Course Background: some familiarity with python or other modern programming languages (though having taken a formal course in such a language is not required).

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 OR AS.180.302

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.371.  Industrial Organization.  3 Credits.  

Investigation of firm behavior in markets characterized by imperfect competition. Imperfect competition lies in between monopoly and perfect competition and characterizes most major industries in modern capitalist economies. Central issues to be covered in the course include what determines the intensity of competition? What determines the extent of entry and exit? How is it that some firms consistently dominate their industries? The class uses rigorous modelling approach in analyzing these issues.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

AS.180.375.  Causal Inference: Using big (and small) data and empirical tools to answer economic questions.  3 Credits.  

The purpose of the course is to show how experimental, quasi-experimental, and non- experimental methods can be used to advance scientific knowledge about topics in economics and answer important public policy and business questions. It will teach students the empirical techniques required to analyze data to draw causal inference. The course will begin with a focus on the use of experimental methods in economics. Students will then proceed to learn and apply alternative empirical methods that can be employed to establish cause and effect when data are not obtained from a fully randomized setting. The tools and topics that are covered will be relevant to students interested in economics or other social sciences.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301 AND AS.180.334

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.382.  Incentives, Uncertainty, and Decisions in Health Care.  3 Credits.  

In health care markets, uncertainty and information asymmetries are pervasive problems, which have profound impacts on the health of individuals and populations, and the costs of the health care system. This course uses economic models and methods to understand how these problems affect treatment decisions and therefore health outcomes and costs. We will focus on models that clarify the misaligned incentives among patients, providers, and payers, and on recent research that provides evidence of these problems in specific areas of care and suggests potential solutions. Students will develop an original research project that examines these issues in detail in a specific context, using a mix of data, simulations, and theoretical analysis. Recommended Course Background: AS.180.289 for understanding of the US health care system and AS.180.334 for econometric methods (could be taken concurrently).

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.389.  Social Policy Implications of Behavioral Economics.  3 Credits.  

Economists increasingly incorporate insights from psychology into models of rational decision-making. Known as "behavioral economics", this line of research considers how, for example, emotions, rules-of-thumb, biased beliefs and time-inconsistent preferences influence how we make choices. Behavioral economics increasingly pervades policy discussions on topics as diverse as: obesity, the role of media, subprime mortgages and voting patterns. Behavioral models are certainly novel, but do they help us to design superior social policies? With the goal of preparing students to address this question, this course (1) provides a thorough overview of the main contributions of behavioral economics, highlighting departures from more traditional economic models and (2) emphasizes how behavioral economic models might (or might not) improve how we think about social policy.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301;AS.180.334 can be taken concurrently.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.390.  Health Economics & Developing Countries.  3 Credits.  

Benefits of good health and its costs. Health demand and supply in poor countries. Welfare economics of Public Health. This is a writing seminar. There are some lectures on how to write a paper and on the substance of the economics of international health but the focus and only assignment is a 40-page paper by each student under the supervision of the instructor.

Prerequisite(s): Students who have taken AS.180.391 cannot take AS.180.390.;AS.180.301

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.391.  Economics of China.  3 Credits.  

Discussion of the economic experience of Post-War China, primarily emphasizing topics rather than historical narrative: agriculture, industry including corporate governance and public enterprises, international trade, population, migration, education, health, public finances among other topics. This course is writing intensive and the only assignment for the course is a 40 page paper on some aspect of the Chinese economy to be done under the close supervision of the instructor. The course is not primarily a lecture course, although there will be some lectures on how to do a paper and on the substance of the Chinese economic experience.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not take AS.180.390 if they took AS.180.391.;AS.180.301

Writing Intensive

AS.180.392.  Experimental Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course will be an introduction to the methodology of experimental economics and its application to specific topics, such as bargaining, provision of public goods, decision making under uncertainty, and auctions. In addition to learning about laboratory and field experiments, this course will also provide an introduction to the behavioral economics as a relatively new direction in economics. An effort will be made to concentrate on series of experiments, in order to see how experiments build on one another and allow researchers with different theoretical dispositions to narrow the range of potential disagreement. Recommended Course Background: AS.180.217 Game Theory

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.301;Statistic I: EN.553.111 OR EN.553.112 OR EN.553.310 OR EN.553.311 OR EN.553.420 OR EN.553.421 OR EN.553.430 OR AS.280.345

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.501.  Independent Study.  1 - 3 Credits.  

Students design their own course plan in consultation with, and approval of, the instructor.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Independent Academic Work using the Independent Academic Work form found in Student Self-Service: Registration, Online Forms.

AS.180.521.  Research in Economics: Honors Thesis.  2 Credits.  

The assignment in this course is to complete the initial stages of research for the Senior Honors Thesis in Economics. Students will work independently under the supervision of a thesis advisor from the department. Students must discuss with their departmental academic advisor about possible thesis advisors. They should get the approval from their thesis advisor, and register for the section of the course assigned to the thesis advisor, who will also be responsible for grade reporting. Open to Senior and Junior Economics majors. Note: This course cannot be counted as one of the five elective economics courses required for the Economics major.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Independent Academic Work using the Independent Academic Work form found in Student Self-Service: Registration, Online Forms.

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.522.  Senior Honors Thesis.  3 Credits.  

Students enrolled in this course will complete the Senior Honors Thesis under the supervision of a thesis advisor (who will have been chosen by the student prior to registration for AS.180.521). Students should register for the section of the course assigned to their thesis advisor. The thesis advisor will be responsible for submitting grades for their section. Note: This course cannot be counted as one of the five elective economics courses required for the Economics Major.

Prerequisite(s): You must request Independent Academic Work using the Independent Academic Work form found in Student Self-Service: Registration, Online Forms.;AS.180.521

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

Writing Intensive

AS.180.600.  General Equilibrium Theory.  2 Credits.  

The mathematical theory of general static equilibrium. The course will emphasize the formal mathematical expression of economic ideas and the ability to give a loose economic intuition a coherent logical meaning. Different mathematical structures in general equilibrium theory will be isolated and discussed. The text will be Debreu's book "Theory of Value". Recommended Course Background: AS.110.106, AS.180.301, and AS.180.302 or permission of the instructor.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.601.  Microeconomic Theory I.  4 Credits.  

This course covers the basics of Walrasian general equilibrium theory as set out in Debreu’s Theory of Value, and thereby covers the standard (neoclassical) partial equilibrium theories of production and consumption. In addition, it covers Kuhn-Tucker optimization theory and its specializations of concave and linear programming. Finally, it touches on order structures and monotone comparative statics, as well as decision making under risk. A subtext of the course will be an exploration of how loose economic ideas and intuitions can be given formal mathematical expression. Prerequisites: Economics PhD students or permission of the instructor

AS.180.603.  Macroeconomic Theory I.  4 Credits.  

Theory and evidence about the dynamic behavior of households, firms, and the macroeconomy as a whole in the short and long run. Begins with a thorough discussion of the consumption/saving problem of households, including the role of uncertainty, then moves to investment behavior of firms, including the relationship between financial markets and firm behavior. General equilibrium models of firms and households combine to generate benchmark models of economic growth, which leads us to a benchmark specification for dynamic aggregate macroeconomic models.

AS.180.604.  Macroeconomic Theory II.  4 Credits.  

This course covers the macrodynamic theory of cycles, unemployment and inflation, and selected subjects.

AS.180.605.  Advanced Macroeconomics I.  2 Credits.  

Topics of recent research in macro-economics. Content will vary from year to year. Likely topics include implicit contract theory, search theory and unemployment, disequilibrium macroeconomic models, monetary policy and the control of inflation, contract-based rational expectations models, imperfect competition in macrodynamic models, business cycle models, empirical tests of rational expectations models, theories of investment behavior, and debt neutrality.Open to 2nd year Grad Students and up.

AS.180.606.  Advanced Macroeconomics II.  3 Credits.  

Prof. Carroll’s course focuses on heterogeneous agent macroeconomic modeling, with an emphasis on hands-on learning about how to construct heterogeneous agent models using state-of-the-art techniques.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.603

AS.180.607.  Macroeconometrics I.  3 Credits.  

The course is an attempt to provide a framework for discussing the techniques that are used in macroeconometric analysis. Generally the bias that it has is one of looking at these from the perspective of someone analyzing macroeconomic data for policy analysis. Consequently, many of the applications considered are drawn from the type of research conducted in central banks and finance ministries. Its emphasis is therefore upon the issues raised by the analysis of time series of macro-economic data. Today there is an emerging literature that looks at micro-economic data as well as conducting cross-country studies. We will tend to ignore that material as the methods used in such research are essentially those of micro-econometrics, although sometimes with adjustments made to reflect the nature of macro-economic time series.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.633

AS.180.609.  Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning in Economics.  4 Credits.  

This course will develop the necessary mathematical language and tools that are to be regarded as a pre-requisite for graduate study in economics at Johns Hopkins. Specifically, the course will focus on set theory, linear algebra and real analysis.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.611.  Economics of Uncertainty.  2 Credits.  

This course offers a review of subjective expected utility theory of decision making under uncertainty and choice based subjective probabilities. It also explores the motivation for the recent developments of non-expected utility theories under risk and under uncertainty. It examines the role of completeness and awareness in these theories as well as the theories of menu choice and random choice behavior.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.620.  Causal Analysis.  3 Credits.  

This hands-on course will teach students the nonstructural empirical techniques that can be used to analyze data to draw causal inference. The tools that are covered, which will include experimental and quasi-experimental methods, will be relevant to any student interested in doing empirical research.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.622.  Game Theory.  2 Credits.  

The topics covered include solutions concepts such as dominance, rationalizability, Nash equilibrium, correlated equilibrium, subgame perfect equilibrium and Perfect Bayesian equilibrium. We will discuss both static and dynamic games and games of complete and incomplete information.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.623

Corequisite(s): AS.180.623

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.623.  Economics of Information.  2 Credits.  

The course introduces the economic issues associated asymmetric information and analyses the institutions and mechanisms designed to mitigate the resulting inefficiencies. Topics include: Adverse selection; moral hazard; incentive contracts; and mechanism design.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.600 AND AS.180.601

Corequisite(s): AS.180.622

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.626.  Computational Methods.  2 Credits.  

This class will introduce students to the computational tools that are used to get things done in scientific research. Such tools include, but are not limited to, unix bash shell scripting, LaTeX/Beamer, virtual machines, git and github, tools for parallel computation, cloud services, and others. Brief treatments of special-purpose tools (like Mathematica for symbolic math) will conclude this part of the class. After this introduction, the course will involve an intensive introduction to the use of the Python language for scientific computation purposes, including a discussion of why Python dominates other choices like Matlab and Julia. The final third of the course will apply the tools in a practical application to a specific problem identified jointly between the instructor and the student. There is no required text; readings will be assigned in class. (The characteristic that distinguishes this class from alternatives is that this class will not teach specific algorithms nor frontier computational techniques; rather, it aims to expose students to a broad set of tools that they will use regularly thereafter).

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.632.  Topics in Applied Microeconometrics.  2 Credits.  

This course teaches methods for using micro-data to recover structural parameters of microeconomic models. We cover static models, but focus largely on single-agent dynamic programming, including “full solution” methods along with innovations that permit circumvention of daunting computational tasks. Additional topics will be partially based on students’ interests, but will likely include: general equilibrium models, static and dynamic games, matching models, unobserved heterogeneity, structural methods with experimental data and biased expectations. The goal is to teach students to use structural methods in their own research, and so we will delve into the nuts and bolts of structural work, examining how researchers actually get from raw data to results. This includes: how the sub-sample for analysis is chosen, how the model is specified, how the programming problem is solved, which moments are generated, how these are matched to the analogous moments in the data and, importantly, how identification is established.

AS.180.633.  Econometrics.  3 Credits.  

Mathematical models of economic behavior and the use of statistical methods for testing economic theories and estimating economic parameters. Subject matter will vary from year to year; statistical methods, such as linear regression, multivariate analysis, and identification, estimation and testing in simultaneous equation models, will be stressed.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.636

AS.180.636.  Statistical Inference.  3 Credits.  

Theory and applications of statistical inference. Topics include probability and sampling, distribution theory, estimation, hypothesis testing, and simple regression analysis. Statistical applications will be drawn from economics. Limited to graduate students in Economics except by permission of the chair. Recommended Course Background: AS.110.201, AS.110.302

AS.180.637.  Microeconometrics I.  3 Credits.  

This is an advanced graduate course on the major econometric techniques and models used in empirical microeconomics. We will cover topics such as extremum estimators, quantile regression, semiparametric efficiency and estimation, plugin estimators, simulation methods such as the bootstrap and MCMC, weak instrumental variables, measurement error and latent variable models, and identification analysis. Theoretical development will be accompanied by discussion and examples of applications.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.601 AND AS.180.633 AND AS.180.636

AS.180.638.  Microeconometrics II.  3 Credits.  

This course is the second in the microeconometrics sequence in the Economics Department. It will introduce a selection of models and techniques that are useful when a researcher wants to estimate a structural model, i.e. a model derived from economic theory. Structural models that try to incorporate restrictions derived from economic theory are used in empirical IO, but also in quantitative marketing research, labor economics and other fields that consider individual decision making. No attempt will be made to be comprehensive. Instead we will focus on a few areas that have been well-researched in recent years: dynamic discrete choice, microeconomic models with latent variables, program evaluation, the empirical analysis of auctions and nonseparable models. Some topics will be included only if time permits. The models and methods developed for these areas are relevant for other cases. The emphasis is on the interaction between economic theory and econometrics. Basic issues are specification and (nonparametric) identification, computational problems and the use of simulation, semiparametric estimation to avoid functional form and distributional assumptions that cannot be derived from economic theory.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.601 AND AS.180.622

AS.180.639.  Health Economics.  3 Credits.  

A course on the allocation of health care goods and services and the production of health. We will focus on models and recent empirical evidence on consumer decisions, producer objectives, government interventions, and the determination of equilibrium. Health care markets have many nonstandard features, and the course will provide an introduction to these institutional details. Neoclassical models of health-related behaviors and health production will also be covered briefly.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.641.  International Trade.  2 Credits.  

This is a graduate course in international trade. It will develop basic analytical tools and frameworks used in the general equilibrium analysis of international trade. Recent research topics will be discussed in the second half of the course.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.601 AND AS.180.603

AS.180.642.  International Monetary Economics.  3 Credits.  

This is an advanced graduate course on international macroeconomics. The covered topics include the intertemporal approach to the current account; the determinants of global imbalances and real exchange rates; sovereign debt and default; the impact of domestic and international financial frictions on capital flows; and New Keynesian open economy macroeconomics.

AS.180.643.  Topics of Game Theory.  2 Credits.  

This course covers topics such as repeated games, dynamic games, bargaining and strategic communication.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.622

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.644.  Limited Commitment in Macroeconomics.  3 Credits.  

This course studies common environments in macroeconomics where one or more agents lack the ability to credibly commit to making choices in the future (often due to either an enforcement constraint or asymmetric information). Both foundational papers and more recent work will be discussed. Topics to be covered will include models of borrowing and default, models of monetary policy, and models of insurance. In addition to studying these models theoretically, students will learn how to solve some of them computationally (and do so fast enough for quantitative work).

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.645.  Topics in Economic Theory.  3 Credits.  

The course will cover matching markets, which typically deal with assignment problems with and without the use of transfers. Examples of these include school choice, course allocation, and organ exchange. We will cover the theoretical underpinnings, field applications, and empirical evaluations of these markets.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.646.  Revealed Preference and Comparative Statics.  2 Credits.  

The overall theme of this course is the observable implications of optimizing choice. We will cover the theory of monotone comparative statics and supermodular games. We also discuss results in the revealed preference literature, such as Afriat's Theorem, that deal with the consistency of data with different canonical models. The course is useful to students doing research in pure or applied theory, where comparative statics tools/insights are often needed for model building. It could also be interesting to those with an empirical focus who would like to know more about revealed preference approaches to testing models and drawing inferences from them.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Writing Intensive

AS.180.647.  Topics in Economic Theory and Finance.  3 Credits.  

This course studies the theory of asset trading in which agents hold different information and/or beliefs. Foundational papers as well as recent ones will be covered, with applications both within and outside of Finance. Topics include: information aggregation via prices; rational expectations equilibrium; market micro-structure; large auctions; herding/information cascades/price bubbles; dynamic models and learning.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.649.  Structural Approach in Family and Cultural Economics.  3 Credits.  

This course will introduce structual approach in applied microeconomics, with emphasis on models including endogenous unobservable heterogeneity. The first half of this course will cover popular estimators, such as simulated method of moments, indirect inference, conditional choice probability estimator. The course will cover both single agent problem and multi- agents problem, potentially including endogenious unobservable heterogeneity. The second half of this course will discuss multiple decision maker problem, so- called collective model, and family formation and dissolution model, and cultural economics.

Distribution Area: Humanities

AS.180.651.  Labor Economics I.  3 Credits.  

Theories of the allocation of time and supply of labor, human capital, demand for labor, market equilibrium, and income distribution. As time allows, other topics, such as unemployment, unions, and compensating differences are discussed. Corequisite: AS.180.601

AS.180.652.  Labor Economics II.  3 Credits.  

This course will provide an in-depth treatment of dynamic life-cycle models, including both continuous choice models that can be analyzed using Euler equation methods, and dynamic discrete choice models that required dynamic programming methods. We will study applications of life-cycle models to a range of topics including labor supply and saving, education and occupational choice, and fertility and marriage. We will also examine recent work that incorporates health and health shocks into life-cycle models. Students will learn the econometric and computational methods used to implement dynamic discrete choice models.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.601

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.661.  Bayesian Methods and Machine Learning in Macro and Finance.  2 Credits.  

This course is composed of two parts. In the first half, we will cover an introduction to Bayesian methods and standard methods as Metropolis, Metropolis-Hasting, Gibbs sampling, etc. We will then review the relation between Bayesian methods and machine learning. In the second part, we will study how Bayesian methods and machine learning have been used in the macro and macro-finance literatures to handle DSGE's, VAR's, Markov-switching-VAR's, Time-Varying VAR's, textual analysis, forecasting, etc.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.662.  Asset Pricing.  3 Credits.  

This course is an introduction and guide to the most important issues in asset pricing. It begins with classic concepts such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and continues through continuous-time dynamic no-arbitrage models. It covers both basic theory and classic empirical research. Recommended Course Background: AS.180.604, AS.180.633, AS.180.636 or instructor's permission.

AS.180.672.  Industrial Organization.  3 Credits.  

This course covers methods in applied empirical Industrial Organization. Similarly to the first term, the focus will be on the use of econometric analysis and data for descriptive and measurement purposes, and for testing the predictions of economic theories. Particular attention in this term will be given to dynamic settings and the empirical analysis of firm behavior. Topics to be covered include dynamic discrete choice, dynamic games, and dynamic demand.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.601

AS.180.673.  Advanced Economics of Labor.  2 Credits.  

This course is for graduate students at the 3rd year and above who wish to participate in a semester in-depth readings and discussion topics in labor economics and in econometric methods typically used in labor economics and in many other applied microeconomics fields. Students will have to participate in discussions of materials in each class. The topics covered in each semester are partly a function of student interest and their dissertation topics.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.676.  Topics in Game Theory and Economic Theory.  3 Credits.  

The first part of the course will cover topics in game theory including strategic communication, bargaining, repeated and dynamic games; the second part will cover topics in economics of information, mechanism design, and social choice theory not covered in Micro II

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.622

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.690.  Advanced Econometrics.  3 Credits.  

Advanced econometric techniques are often essential to innovative empirical work, but finding and implementing the right methods for a particular problem poses formidable challenges. This course/seminar aims to address these challenges by combining lectures and discussions of foundational econometric methods in areas of student interest (whether those interests be specific for thesis work or more speculative) with examples of implementation, including software development, in more of a ‘workshop’ environment. The emphasis will be on drawing on the resources of econometric theory to address specific empirical issues while at the same time developing implementation skills.

AS.180.694.  Applied Microeconomics Workshop.  1 Credit.  

This is a weekly seminar series that brings in speakers from other universities to present their research in the field of applied microeconomics. Graduate Students only.

AS.180.695.  Microeconomic Theory Workshop.  1 Credit.  

This is a seminar series devoted to the presentation of research in microeconomic theory, typically by speakers from outside the department. Graduate students only.

AS.180.696.  Macroeconomics Workshop.  1 Credit.  

This course features lectures by economists from other universities. They present research findings at the frontier of the field. Graduate students only.

AS.180.697.  Research Seminar.  1 Credit.  

The purpose of this seminar is to train students to do research in economics. This course is for second year graduate students in the PhD program in Economics. For Graduate Students Only.

AS.180.891.  Dissertation Research.  10 - 20 Credits.  

This course is for students working on the dissertation for the Ph.D. in Economics. It is graded pass-fail

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS.180.896.  Research Practicum.  3 Credits.  

Successful completion of this course counts towards the Ph.D. research requirement. This course is for second-year graduate students in the Economics Ph.D. program to obtain graduate credit for work off-campus that provides training and the development of skills in research. Before the practicum is begun, the graduate student must identify a sponsoring faculty member or seek permission from the student’s faculty adviser. The faculty member or adviser must sign a form that certifies that graduate credit will be granted, verifies the nature of the work to be performed by the student, and explains how the practicum helps to fulfill a degree requirement. Graded Pass/Fail.

AS.180.898.  Teaching Practicum.  3 Credits.  

Successful completion of this course counts towards the Ph.D. teaching requirement. This course is for graduate students in the Economics Ph.D. program to obtain graduate credit for work off-campus that provides training and the development of skills in teaching. Before the practicum is begun, the graduate student must identify a sponsoring faculty member or seek permission from the student’s faculty adviser. The faculty member or adviser must sign a form that certifies that graduate credit will be granted, verifies the nature of the work to be performed by the student, and explains how the practicum helps to fulfill a degree requirement. Graded Pass/Fail.

AS.180.899.  Independent Study.  3 - 9 Credits.  

Students design their own course plan in consultation with, and approval of, the instructor.

First Year Seminars

AS.001.132.  FYS: Exploring Economic Inequality.  3 Credits.  

In this First-Year Seminar, we examine inequalities in income, wealth, and working conditions in the United States today. What do the historical trends look like and how do economists explain them? Is economic inequality a significant problem? If so, why? And what tools do we have in the policy arsenal to address it? We will draw on diverse sources, including economics readings, op-eds, podcasts, and short vignettes from literature to motivate our weekly discussions. Students will have the opportunity to present group research and lead class discussions drawing on the economic concepts developed in class. At the end of the semester, students will complete an individual research project exploring some aspect of current inequality, inspired by their own selection from literature, poetry, music, or film.

AS.001.149.  FYS: What Is Poverty? A View from Economics and the Social Sciences.  3 Credits.  

Social science is the scholarly study of society and social behavior. This First-Year Seminar will introduce students to the social sciences by studying poverty in America through the lens of economics and other social sciences, including sociology and anthropology. The quantitative approach taken by economics will be compared and contrasted with qualitative approaches. Illustrations of how the lives of the poor are led as depicted in ethnographic studies, movies, and literature will be studied to learn how integrated perspectives can be formed. Students will learn how to read scholarly articles with a critical eye, to speak about their interpretations of the material, and to write short critical essays. Students will also be introduced to quantitative analysis using graphs and tables. Group projects will be required. Guest lecturers bringing non-economics perspectives will visit the class.

Cross Listed Courses

Asia

SA.552.100.  Financial Systems of Japan and China: Domestic, Regional and International Perspectives.  4 Credits.  

Examines the evolution of the financial systems of Japan and China from 1980 to the present, including structure, regulation, and functioning of these markets in domestic, regional and international contexts. National context includes an in depth review of the structure and operation of the financial markets of Japan and China, including: the key participants, the governmental and regulatory institutions that supervise them, various financial crises in each country with a focus on causes and solutions, reforms over time with a particular focus on liberalization of the financial system and related issues such as corporate governance and legal and accounting issues, the fiscal/monetary processes and policies in each country that affect the financial system, and the historical, political and social factors that affect institutions and policy. Regional context includes the Asian Financial Crisis, the structural causes, the roles of Japan and China, the IMF response and the various proposals to create regional solutions to future crises; roles of regional financial institutions (ADB, AIIB); China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the degree/desirability of financial integration in Asia. The international perspective focuses on the geopolitical/geo-economic implications of the structure and regulation of financial markets. Current events/topics in finance relevant to the course are covered and students are encouraged to propose such topics for discussion. Taught by a SAIS alumnus with 30 years of investment banking and private equity experience in Asia and the US. Students wishing to take the class but lacking the prerequisites should email Professor Talarico at gtalari1@jhu.edu for permission to enroll.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.755.720[C];SA.100.304[C] AND ( SA.510.102[C] OR SA.510.108[C] )

Center for Economy and Society

AS.197.327.  People, Power, and Pay: The Economics of the Workplace.  3 Credits.  

We study the relationship between workers and employers in the employment contract, understanding the conflict of interest between the parties to the contract and the opportunities for gains from cooperation. We identify how power is exercised in the employer-worker relationship and we explore the role of technology and innovation, showing how monitoring technologies can make employment outcomes more efficient and more unequal. We examine how trust and reciprocity may substitute for monitoring and how workers may investigate alternative institutional arrangements to exert countervailing power to employers (unions, cooperatives, democratic participation).

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Science and Data (FA2), Projects and Methods (FA6)

China

SA.553.111.  China’s Economy: Reforms, Performance and Challenges.  4 Credits.  

By some measures, China now has the world’s largest economy. By any measure, China has contributed more to global economic growth over the past decade than any other country. Yet recent and ongoing developments have led to considerable pessimism regarding China’s ability to transition to a high income economy. How can we explain China’s rapid growth over the past four decades? Is this recent pessimism justified, and, if so, what must China do to avoid getting stuck in a middle income trap? Focusing on these questions, this course aims to help students develop a deeper understanding of the Chinese economy.

Development, Climate, and Sustainability

SA.500.101.  Financial Crises and Policy Dilemmas in Emerging Markets.  4 Credits.  

The course will focus on key macroeconomic and financial policy issues with a focus on Emerging Markets. The course is divided into two parts. The first part explores the causes, dynamics and consequences of selected crises episodes affecting emerging markets, from the debt crises of the 1980’s to the COVID-19 pandemic. The second part of the course addresses selected issues regarding crisis resolution, including the political economy of crises, their long run impacts on the economy, and the future of the international financial architecture. By the end of the course, it is expected that students will be able to identify the major factors leading to crises in emerging markets, assess the difficult policy trade-offs that policymakers face when dealing with crises, and evaluate alternative policy options.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.810.727[C]

SA.500.131.  Venture Capital and Impact Investing in Emerging Markets.  2 Credits.  

This class will thus focus on the intersection of venture capital and impact investing, on this newer asset class for emerging markets, and its specific application in the service of consciously creating impact. Given the roots of the early success stories in impact investing in the financial services sector, this class will focus primarily (although not exclusively) on financial inclusion, as it helps to demonstrate the progression of one impact investment sector that has had both early stage VC support and multiple exits. Financial inclusion also offers an ideal laboratory because it offers a service typically provided by private sector entities (albeit to fewer people than it should) and has been the source of entrepreneurs pursuing pro-poor innovations for decades, led and supported by Grameen, Accion, Women’s World Banking, Opportunity International, and many others who pioneered microcredit. But the course will go well beyond the field’s microcredit roots and explore what is happening on the frontier in the fintech revolution, as significant portions of the financial services sector begin to digitize and financial services increasingly are delivered via mobile phones. As such, this focus on financial inclusion will, in turn, highlight the power of investing and value creation in many of the newest pro-poor sectors.

Prerequisite(s): SA.380.760[C] OR SA.510.102[C];Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.400.795[C]

First Year Seminars

AS.001.132.  FYS: Exploring Economic Inequality.  3 Credits.  

In this First-Year Seminar, we examine inequalities in income, wealth, and working conditions in the United States today. What do the historical trends look like and how do economists explain them? Is economic inequality a significant problem? If so, why? And what tools do we have in the policy arsenal to address it? We will draw on diverse sources, including economics readings, op-eds, podcasts, and short vignettes from literature to motivate our weekly discussions. Students will have the opportunity to present group research and lead class discussions drawing on the economic concepts developed in class. At the end of the semester, students will complete an individual research project exploring some aspect of current inequality, inspired by their own selection from literature, poetry, music, or film.

AS.001.149.  FYS: What Is Poverty? A View from Economics and the Social Sciences.  3 Credits.  

Social science is the scholarly study of society and social behavior. This First-Year Seminar will introduce students to the social sciences by studying poverty in America through the lens of economics and other social sciences, including sociology and anthropology. The quantitative approach taken by economics will be compared and contrasted with qualitative approaches. Illustrations of how the lives of the poor are led as depicted in ethnographic studies, movies, and literature will be studied to learn how integrated perspectives can be formed. Students will learn how to read scholarly articles with a critical eye, to speak about their interpretations of the material, and to write short critical essays. Students will also be introduced to quantitative analysis using graphs and tables. Group projects will be required. Guest lecturers bringing non-economics perspectives will visit the class.

Governance, Politics and Society

SA.503.108.  Watching Wall Street from Washington: Financial Market Analysis for the Public Sector.  4 Credits.  

This course investigates the strategies for, as well as the relevance of, financial market analysis directed toward policy audiences. Students will develop a deeper understanding of global financial markets and learn how to leverage that understanding shape and achieve policy goals. The course will cover five major topics: 1) Basic techniques for financial market analysis across a variety of major asset classes; 2) The characteristics of financial market analysis – its forms, theoretical underpinnings, advantages, and deficiencies; 3) The hierarchy of policy relevance of financial market analysis; 4) Costs, risks, and difficulties of financial market analysis for the public sector; and 5) Future challenges and formulations of public sector market analysis given the technological developments in finance, money management, and trading.

Prerequisite(s): SA.100.304[C] OR SA.300.701[C] OR SA.300.706[C] OR SA.999.701[C];Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.610.703[C]

SA.503.123.  International Political Economy.  4 Credits.  

The course aims to provide students with a solid knowledge of international political economy, focusing mainly on the political economy of Europe. The objective is to give students insights into how to think about ongoing substantive debates in the field. We will examine the interaction of multiple factors on economic change: globalization, financial market integration, labor market integration through migration, economic development, as well as political factors, over time. Students should thus emerge from the course with a comprehensive knowledge of theories of international political economy and an understanding of how political economies developed under ever-changing economic challenges (e.g. polycrisis in Europe, the US-China confrontation, migration and climate issues).

Interdepartmental

AS.360.247.  Introduction to Social Policy and Inequality: Baltimore and Beyond.  3 Credits.  

This course will introduce students to basic concepts in economics, political science and sociology relevant to the study of social problems and the programs designed to remedy them. It will address the many inequalities in access to education and health care, unequal treatment in the criminal justice system, disparities in income and wealth, and differential access to political power. The focus will be on designing effective policies at the national and local level to address these pressing issues. This course is open to all students, but will be required for the new Social Policy Minor. The course is also recommended for students who are interested in law school, medical school, programs in public health, and graduate school in related social science fields. This course does not count as one of the required courses for the Economics major or minor, but it is required for the Social Policy Minor. Cross list with Sociology, Economics and Political Science. Freshman, Sophomore and Juniors only.

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

Writing Intensive

International Studies

AS.192.225.  Economic Growth and Development in East Asia.  3 Credits.  

Over the past three decades, East Asia has been the most dynamic region in the world. East Asia has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth. From 1965 to 1990, the twenty-three economies of East Asia grew faster than all other regions of the world mostly thanks to the ‘miraculous growth’ of Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand; these eight countries, in fact, have grown roughly three times as fast as Latin America and South Asia, five times faster than Sub-Saharan Africa, and significantly outperformed the industrial economies and the oil-rich Middle East and North Africa regions. Poverty levels have plummeted and human-development indicators have improved across the region. The course is divided into three parts to allow students to develop expertise in one or more countries and/or policy arenas, while also cultivating a broad grasp of the region and the distinct challenges of “fast-paced, sustained economic growth.” Part I will introduce the subject, consider the origins of Asian economic development, and analyse the common economic variables behind the region’s success. It will look at the East Asian Crisis and will consider its lessons and assess whether or not East Asian countries have learned them. While the course will show that there are many common ingredients to the success of the region’s economies, it will also show that each country is different, and that differences could be, at times, quite stark. Hence, Part II will focus on the development experiences of individual countries, with a special emphasis on the ASEAN economies, NIEs, Japan and China. Finally, Part III will consider various topics of special interest to Asia, including trends toward greater regional economic cooperation, both in the real and financial/monetary sectors, and issues related to poverty, migration, and inclusiveness in the region. NOTE: Contact Dr. Dore if prerequisites are not met.

Prerequisite(s): AS.180.101 AND AS.180.102

Distribution Area: Social and Behavioral Sciences

AS Foundational Abilities: Writing and Communication (FA1), Citizens and Society (FA4), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

AS.192.404.  Autocracy, Democracy and Development: Korea, Indonesia and Myanmar.  3 Credits.  

East Asia’s “miracle growth” has not gone hand in hand with a decisive move toward democracy. Over the last 30 years, only eight East Asian countries have become democratic out of more than 60 countries worldwide, and they continue to struggle with the challenges of democratic consolidation, weak political governance, and limited citizens’ political engagement. This course explores the reasons why democratization proceeds slowly in East Asia, and seems to be essentially decoupled from the region’s fast-paced economic growth. The choice of Korea, Indonesia, and Myanmar as the case studies for this course results from their authoritarian past as well as their more recent institutional and political trajectories towards democracy.

Distribution Area: Humanities

AS Foundational Abilities: Citizens and Society (FA4), Democracy (FA4.1), Ethics and Foundations (FA5)

The Americas

SA.551.100.  Economics of Immigration.  4 Credits.  

Examines the economic causes and consequences of international migration. The central focus is an economic analysis of the general patterns of population flows, their determinants and their impact. Analyzes these primarily within a comparative context of the North American experience, although also considers other case studies. Current US migration policy is examined so as to understand how the US system is 'broken' and what is meant by ' true immigration reform'. Includes consideration of the Canadian experience, in that Canadian immigration policy seems to get many things 'right'.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.840.715[C]

SA.551.102.  Financial Crises and Policy Dilemmas in Emerging Markets and Latin America.  4 Credits.  

The course will focus on key macroeconomic and financial policy issues with a focus on Emerging Markets. The course is divided into two parts. The first part explores the causes, dynamics and consequences of selected crises episodes affecting emerging markets, especially in Latin America; from the debt crises of the 1980’s to the COVID-19 pandemic. The second part of the course addresses selected issues regarding crisis resolution, including the political economy of crises, their long run impacts on the economy, and the future of the international financial architecture. By the end of the course, it is expected that students will be able to identify the major factors leading to crises in emerging markets, assess the difficult policy trade-offs that policymakers face when dealing with crises, and evaluate alternative policy options.

Prerequisite(s): Students may not register for this class if they have already received credit for SA.810.727[C]

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